Microdochium nivale in perennial grasses : snow mould resistance, pathogenicity and genetic diversity

Forage production of perennial grass species in the northern hemisphere is limited by their winter survival ability. The predicted future changes in the environmental conditions constitute both opportunities and challenges for grass production. Overwintering diseases caused by snow mould fungi such...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Abdelhalim, Mohamed
Other Authors: Tronsmo, Anne Marte, Rognli, Odd Arne, Brurberg, May Bente, Hofgaard, Ingerd Skow, Marum, Petter, Ergon, Åshild
Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
Language:English
Published: Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås 2017
Subjects:
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2448179
Description
Summary:Forage production of perennial grass species in the northern hemisphere is limited by their winter survival ability. The predicted future changes in the environmental conditions constitute both opportunities and challenges for grass production. Overwintering diseases caused by snow mould fungi such as Microdochium nivale are one of the limiting factors for grass production in Scandinavia. Therefore, to reduce the risk of snow mould attack under future climates, with longer and warmer autumns, the role of cold hardening independent resistance to snow mould needs to be well understood. Snow mould resistance in non-hardened plants of cultivars and breeding populations of Festulolium, inoculated under controlled conditions with an aggressive M. nivale isolate, was associated with the ploidy level of the entries. Tetraploid entries of Festulolium had a significantly better resistance to snow mould than diploid entries in three out of four experiments. In addition, winter survival of cultivars and breeding populations of Festulolium and Lolium perenne in inoculated field experiments was associated with the degree of northern adaptation of the entries. Hence, cultivars and breeding populations that had been exposed to natural selection in northern Norway (above 65° N) showed good levels of winter survival. På den nordlige halvkule er fôrproduksjonen av flerårige eng- og beitevekster begrenset av overvintringsevnen til plantene. De predikerte endringene i framtidige klima kan medføre både muligheter og utfordringer i grasproduksjonen. Overvintringssjukdommer forårsaka av sopper som Microdochium nivale er en av de begrensende faktorene for grasproduksjonen. For å redusere risikoen for overvintringssjukdommer i det predikerte framtidige klimaet, med lengre og varmere høster, er det viktig å forstå betydningen av kuldeherdings-uavhengig resistens mot disse sykdommene. Resistens mot overvintringssopp i ulike populasjoner av uherda Festulolium under kontrollerte betingelser var assosiert med ploidinivå. Tetraploide Festulolium hadde signifikant bedre resistens enn diploide populasjoner i tre av fire forsøk. Vinteroverlevelse av ulike populasjoner av Festulolium og Lolium perenne i felt var assosiert med graden av nordlig tilpasning hos populasjonene. Populasjoner som hadde vært utsatt for naturlig seleksjon i Nord-Norge (over 65° N) hadde god overvintring