The development of divergent margins: Insights from the North Volcanic Zone, Iceland
Iceland is a natural laboratory where plate separation and mid-ocean ridge formation can be studied directly in the field. In this setting, it is not fully understood how magma interacts with faulting and fissuring, and how rift zones propagate. In order to improve the understanding of how these pro...
Published in: | Earth and Planetary Science Letters |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , |
Other Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Elsevier B.V.
2019
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10281/215683 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.12.019 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0012821X/321-322 |
id |
ftunivmilanobic:oai:boa.unimib.it:10281/215683 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftunivmilanobic:oai:boa.unimib.it:10281/215683 2024-04-14T08:13:41+00:00 The development of divergent margins: Insights from the North Volcanic Zone, Iceland Tibaldi, A. Bonali, F. L. Pasquaré Mariotto, F. RUSSO, ELENA Ranieri Tenti, L. M. Tibaldi, A Bonali, F Pasquaré Mariotto, F Russo, E Ranieri Tenti, L 2019 http://hdl.handle.net/10281/215683 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.12.019 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0012821X/321-322 eng eng Elsevier B.V. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000457661900001 volume:509 firstpage:1 lastpage:8 numberofpages:8 journal:EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS http://hdl.handle.net/10281/215683 doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2018.12.019 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-85059302910 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0012821X/321-322 dyke fault magma chamber mid-ocean ridge rift tectonic stresse Geophysic Geochemistry and Petrology Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Space and Planetary Science GEO/03 - GEOLOGIA STRUTTURALE info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2019 ftunivmilanobic https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.12.019 2024-03-21T02:17:59Z Iceland is a natural laboratory where plate separation and mid-ocean ridge formation can be studied directly in the field. In this setting, it is not fully understood how magma interacts with faulting and fissuring, and how rift zones propagate. In order to improve the understanding of how these processes operate, we conducted a detailed field study about the kinematics and propagation of 33 Holocene faults along the N–S Theistareykir rift (North Volcanic Zone) and mapped all tension fractures. This rift hosts the Holocene Theistareykir central volcano, for which ground deformation data (InSAR and GPS) indicate an inflating shallow magma chamber throughout 2006–2008. Analyses of the cumulative fault slip distribution at 696 sites show two opposite directions of fault/rift propagation: The first, more developed, is directed northwards and affects the area located north of Theistareykir volcano, whereas south of the volcano, the rift propagates southwards. Tension fractures increase in frequency, with respect to faults, outwards from the volcano, along a N–S to NNE–SSW direction. The presence of aligned vents, dykes and topographic bulging along some of the N–S structures, and the active magma chamber below Theistareykir volcano, suggest that faults and tension fractures propagate following repeated dyke intrusions from the magma chamber outward along the plate margin. The fact that the rift is more developed north of the volcano than south of it, is interpreted as the effect of buttressing from another, coterminous magma chamber sitting below a neighbouring central volcano. Other causes for the general observed pattern such as tectonic stresses, mechanical interaction of faults, and changes in the rheological characteristics of rocks, are discussed as well Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca: BOA (Bicocca Open Archive) Earth and Planetary Science Letters 509 1 8 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca: BOA (Bicocca Open Archive) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivmilanobic |
language |
English |
topic |
dyke fault magma chamber mid-ocean ridge rift tectonic stresse Geophysic Geochemistry and Petrology Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Space and Planetary Science GEO/03 - GEOLOGIA STRUTTURALE |
spellingShingle |
dyke fault magma chamber mid-ocean ridge rift tectonic stresse Geophysic Geochemistry and Petrology Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Space and Planetary Science GEO/03 - GEOLOGIA STRUTTURALE Tibaldi, A. Bonali, F. L. Pasquaré Mariotto, F. RUSSO, ELENA Ranieri Tenti, L. M. The development of divergent margins: Insights from the North Volcanic Zone, Iceland |
topic_facet |
dyke fault magma chamber mid-ocean ridge rift tectonic stresse Geophysic Geochemistry and Petrology Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Space and Planetary Science GEO/03 - GEOLOGIA STRUTTURALE |
description |
Iceland is a natural laboratory where plate separation and mid-ocean ridge formation can be studied directly in the field. In this setting, it is not fully understood how magma interacts with faulting and fissuring, and how rift zones propagate. In order to improve the understanding of how these processes operate, we conducted a detailed field study about the kinematics and propagation of 33 Holocene faults along the N–S Theistareykir rift (North Volcanic Zone) and mapped all tension fractures. This rift hosts the Holocene Theistareykir central volcano, for which ground deformation data (InSAR and GPS) indicate an inflating shallow magma chamber throughout 2006–2008. Analyses of the cumulative fault slip distribution at 696 sites show two opposite directions of fault/rift propagation: The first, more developed, is directed northwards and affects the area located north of Theistareykir volcano, whereas south of the volcano, the rift propagates southwards. Tension fractures increase in frequency, with respect to faults, outwards from the volcano, along a N–S to NNE–SSW direction. The presence of aligned vents, dykes and topographic bulging along some of the N–S structures, and the active magma chamber below Theistareykir volcano, suggest that faults and tension fractures propagate following repeated dyke intrusions from the magma chamber outward along the plate margin. The fact that the rift is more developed north of the volcano than south of it, is interpreted as the effect of buttressing from another, coterminous magma chamber sitting below a neighbouring central volcano. Other causes for the general observed pattern such as tectonic stresses, mechanical interaction of faults, and changes in the rheological characteristics of rocks, are discussed as well |
author2 |
Tibaldi, A Bonali, F Pasquaré Mariotto, F Russo, E Ranieri Tenti, L |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Tibaldi, A. Bonali, F. L. Pasquaré Mariotto, F. RUSSO, ELENA Ranieri Tenti, L. M. |
author_facet |
Tibaldi, A. Bonali, F. L. Pasquaré Mariotto, F. RUSSO, ELENA Ranieri Tenti, L. M. |
author_sort |
Tibaldi, A. |
title |
The development of divergent margins: Insights from the North Volcanic Zone, Iceland |
title_short |
The development of divergent margins: Insights from the North Volcanic Zone, Iceland |
title_full |
The development of divergent margins: Insights from the North Volcanic Zone, Iceland |
title_fullStr |
The development of divergent margins: Insights from the North Volcanic Zone, Iceland |
title_full_unstemmed |
The development of divergent margins: Insights from the North Volcanic Zone, Iceland |
title_sort |
development of divergent margins: insights from the north volcanic zone, iceland |
publisher |
Elsevier B.V. |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10281/215683 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.12.019 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0012821X/321-322 |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000457661900001 volume:509 firstpage:1 lastpage:8 numberofpages:8 journal:EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS http://hdl.handle.net/10281/215683 doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2018.12.019 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-85059302910 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0012821X/321-322 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.12.019 |
container_title |
Earth and Planetary Science Letters |
container_volume |
509 |
container_start_page |
1 |
op_container_end_page |
8 |
_version_ |
1796311716366123008 |