High-Throughput Griess Assay of Nitrite and Nitrate in Plasma and Red Blood Cells for Human Physiology Studies under Extreme Conditions
The metabolism of nitric oxide plays an increasingly interesting role in the physiological response of the human body to extreme environmental conditions, such as underwater, in an extremely cold climate, and at low oxygen concentrations. Field studies need the development of analytical methods to m...
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/2434/860254 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154569 |
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ftunivmilanoair:oai:air.unimi.it:2434/860254 2024-02-11T09:56:50+01:00 High-Throughput Griess Assay of Nitrite and Nitrate in Plasma and Red Blood Cells for Human Physiology Studies under Extreme Conditions Andrea Brizzolari Michele Dei Cas Danilo Cialoni Alessandro Marroni Camillo Morano Michele Samaja Rita Paroni Federico Maria Rubino A. Brizzolari M.V. DEI CAS D. Cialoni A. Marroni C. Morano M. Samaja R.C. Paroni F.M. Rubino 2021 http://hdl.handle.net/2434/860254 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154569 eng eng MDPI info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/34361720 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000682180700001 volume:26 issue:15 firstpage:1 lastpage:20 numberofpages:20 journal:MOLECULES http://hdl.handle.net/2434/860254 doi:10.3390/molecules26154569 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-85111731610 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Antarctica diving extreme environment hypoxia hyperbaria maladaptation nitric oxide nitrosative stre underwater activity Settore CHIM/01 - Chimica Analitica Settore BIO/10 - Biochimica info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2021 ftunivmilanoair https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154569 2024-01-23T23:42:14Z The metabolism of nitric oxide plays an increasingly interesting role in the physiological response of the human body to extreme environmental conditions, such as underwater, in an extremely cold climate, and at low oxygen concentrations. Field studies need the development of analytical methods to measure nitrite and nitrate in plasma and red blood cells with high requirements of accuracy, precision, and sensitivity. An optimized spectrophotometric Griess method for nitrite-nitrate affords sensitivity in the low millimolar range and precision within +/- 2 mu M for both nitrite and nitrate, requiring 100 mu L of scarcely available plasma sample or less than 50 mu L of red blood cells. A scheduled time-efficient procedure affords measurement of as many as 80 blood samples, with combined nitrite and nitrate measurement in plasma and red blood cells. Performance and usefulness were tested in pilot studies that use blood fractions deriving from subjects who dwelt in an Antarctica scientific station and on breath-holding and scuba divers who performed training at sea and in a land-based deep pool facility. The method demonstrated adequate to measure low basal concentrations of nitrite and high production of nitrate as a consequence of water column pressure-triggered vasodilatation in deep-water divers. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica The University of Milan: Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (AIR) Molecules 26 15 4569 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
The University of Milan: Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (AIR) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivmilanoair |
language |
English |
topic |
Antarctica diving extreme environment hypoxia hyperbaria maladaptation nitric oxide nitrosative stre underwater activity Settore CHIM/01 - Chimica Analitica Settore BIO/10 - Biochimica |
spellingShingle |
Antarctica diving extreme environment hypoxia hyperbaria maladaptation nitric oxide nitrosative stre underwater activity Settore CHIM/01 - Chimica Analitica Settore BIO/10 - Biochimica Andrea Brizzolari Michele Dei Cas Danilo Cialoni Alessandro Marroni Camillo Morano Michele Samaja Rita Paroni Federico Maria Rubino High-Throughput Griess Assay of Nitrite and Nitrate in Plasma and Red Blood Cells for Human Physiology Studies under Extreme Conditions |
topic_facet |
Antarctica diving extreme environment hypoxia hyperbaria maladaptation nitric oxide nitrosative stre underwater activity Settore CHIM/01 - Chimica Analitica Settore BIO/10 - Biochimica |
description |
The metabolism of nitric oxide plays an increasingly interesting role in the physiological response of the human body to extreme environmental conditions, such as underwater, in an extremely cold climate, and at low oxygen concentrations. Field studies need the development of analytical methods to measure nitrite and nitrate in plasma and red blood cells with high requirements of accuracy, precision, and sensitivity. An optimized spectrophotometric Griess method for nitrite-nitrate affords sensitivity in the low millimolar range and precision within +/- 2 mu M for both nitrite and nitrate, requiring 100 mu L of scarcely available plasma sample or less than 50 mu L of red blood cells. A scheduled time-efficient procedure affords measurement of as many as 80 blood samples, with combined nitrite and nitrate measurement in plasma and red blood cells. Performance and usefulness were tested in pilot studies that use blood fractions deriving from subjects who dwelt in an Antarctica scientific station and on breath-holding and scuba divers who performed training at sea and in a land-based deep pool facility. The method demonstrated adequate to measure low basal concentrations of nitrite and high production of nitrate as a consequence of water column pressure-triggered vasodilatation in deep-water divers. |
author2 |
A. Brizzolari M.V. DEI CAS D. Cialoni A. Marroni C. Morano M. Samaja R.C. Paroni F.M. Rubino |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Andrea Brizzolari Michele Dei Cas Danilo Cialoni Alessandro Marroni Camillo Morano Michele Samaja Rita Paroni Federico Maria Rubino |
author_facet |
Andrea Brizzolari Michele Dei Cas Danilo Cialoni Alessandro Marroni Camillo Morano Michele Samaja Rita Paroni Federico Maria Rubino |
author_sort |
Andrea Brizzolari |
title |
High-Throughput Griess Assay of Nitrite and Nitrate in Plasma and Red Blood Cells for Human Physiology Studies under Extreme Conditions |
title_short |
High-Throughput Griess Assay of Nitrite and Nitrate in Plasma and Red Blood Cells for Human Physiology Studies under Extreme Conditions |
title_full |
High-Throughput Griess Assay of Nitrite and Nitrate in Plasma and Red Blood Cells for Human Physiology Studies under Extreme Conditions |
title_fullStr |
High-Throughput Griess Assay of Nitrite and Nitrate in Plasma and Red Blood Cells for Human Physiology Studies under Extreme Conditions |
title_full_unstemmed |
High-Throughput Griess Assay of Nitrite and Nitrate in Plasma and Red Blood Cells for Human Physiology Studies under Extreme Conditions |
title_sort |
high-throughput griess assay of nitrite and nitrate in plasma and red blood cells for human physiology studies under extreme conditions |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/2434/860254 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154569 |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/34361720 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000682180700001 volume:26 issue:15 firstpage:1 lastpage:20 numberofpages:20 journal:MOLECULES http://hdl.handle.net/2434/860254 doi:10.3390/molecules26154569 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-85111731610 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154569 |
container_title |
Molecules |
container_volume |
26 |
container_issue |
15 |
container_start_page |
4569 |
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1790606248815624192 |