PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN PARTICIPANTS OF AN ULTRAMARATHON IN SUBARCTIC CLIMATE
Introduction The Yukon Arctic Ultra (YAU) is an ultramarathon in the Yukon-Territory of Canada taking place during February. We assessed changes in participants entering the 690km footrace and evaluated energy expenditure (EE), energy intake (EI), energy deficit (ED), body weight (BW) and compositio...
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ftunivmilanoair:oai:air.unimi.it:2434/240153 2024-02-04T09:58:39+01:00 PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN PARTICIPANTS OF AN ULTRAMARATHON IN SUBARCTIC CLIMATE M. Steinach O. Opatz Stahn, A Gunga M.A. Maggioni M. Steinach M.A. Maggioni O. Opatz S. A Gunga 2014-09 http://hdl.handle.net/2434/240153 http://icms2014.de eng eng International Congress of Medicine in Space and Extreme Environments (ICMS) http://hdl.handle.net/2434/240153 http://icms2014.de Settore BIO/09 - Fisiologia info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject 2014 ftunivmilanoair 2024-01-09T23:31:12Z Introduction The Yukon Arctic Ultra (YAU) is an ultramarathon in the Yukon-Territory of Canada taking place during February. We assessed changes in participants entering the 690km footrace and evaluated energy expenditure (EE), energy intake (EI), energy deficit (ED), body weight (BW) and composition (fat mass FM, fat-free mass FFM), sleep parameters (sleep time ST, REM-sleep RS, deep-sleep DS) and heart rate variability HRV (pNN50 and lowfrequency to high-frequency ratio LF/HF). We hypothesized that high levels of physical exertion in the extremely cold environment would lead to changes in these parameters. Material & Methods N=4 of n=6 volunteers finished and were included in the analysis. BW, FM, FFM were measured using a scale and the bio-impedance-analysis. EI, ED were estimated using food protocols. EE, ST were measured using the SenseWear-actimeter continuously and RS and DS using the Zeo-Sleep-device at distinctive nights. HRV (pNN50, LF/HF) was evaluated using the Polar-monitor RS800CX and beat-to-beat analysis. Resulting data were statistically analyzed using respective statistical software. Results The evaluation revealed high rates of daily EE (an average of 4.5 MET/d with peak values of 38,000 kJ/d). We also found a considerable ED: only 44% of the EE was covered by EI (p<0.001). Considerable changes in BW, FM, FFM occurred: participants lost an average 6.2 kg of BW (p<0.001) with a maximum loss of 7.9 kg. Regarding body composition, there was an initial loss in FM (p<0.001) and in progression a loss in FFM (p=0.052). The average FM loss was 3.9 kg and 2.3 kg in FFM (=27.9% from starting-FM, 3.4% from starting-FFM). We found a sleep deficit at the start and end of the race; however, ST decreases were not significant (p=0.05). There were changes in the sleep phases: a decrease in RS after the beginning (p=0.005) and increase in DS after the end of the race (p=0.386). Analysis of HRV revealed a decrease in the pNN50 (p=0.429) and a significant decrease in the LF/HF (p=0.035). Discussion ... Conference Object Arctic Subarctic Yukon The University of Milan: Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (AIR) Arctic Yukon Canada |
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Open Polar |
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The University of Milan: Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (AIR) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivmilanoair |
language |
English |
topic |
Settore BIO/09 - Fisiologia |
spellingShingle |
Settore BIO/09 - Fisiologia M. Steinach O. Opatz Stahn, A Gunga M.A. Maggioni PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN PARTICIPANTS OF AN ULTRAMARATHON IN SUBARCTIC CLIMATE |
topic_facet |
Settore BIO/09 - Fisiologia |
description |
Introduction The Yukon Arctic Ultra (YAU) is an ultramarathon in the Yukon-Territory of Canada taking place during February. We assessed changes in participants entering the 690km footrace and evaluated energy expenditure (EE), energy intake (EI), energy deficit (ED), body weight (BW) and composition (fat mass FM, fat-free mass FFM), sleep parameters (sleep time ST, REM-sleep RS, deep-sleep DS) and heart rate variability HRV (pNN50 and lowfrequency to high-frequency ratio LF/HF). We hypothesized that high levels of physical exertion in the extremely cold environment would lead to changes in these parameters. Material & Methods N=4 of n=6 volunteers finished and were included in the analysis. BW, FM, FFM were measured using a scale and the bio-impedance-analysis. EI, ED were estimated using food protocols. EE, ST were measured using the SenseWear-actimeter continuously and RS and DS using the Zeo-Sleep-device at distinctive nights. HRV (pNN50, LF/HF) was evaluated using the Polar-monitor RS800CX and beat-to-beat analysis. Resulting data were statistically analyzed using respective statistical software. Results The evaluation revealed high rates of daily EE (an average of 4.5 MET/d with peak values of 38,000 kJ/d). We also found a considerable ED: only 44% of the EE was covered by EI (p<0.001). Considerable changes in BW, FM, FFM occurred: participants lost an average 6.2 kg of BW (p<0.001) with a maximum loss of 7.9 kg. Regarding body composition, there was an initial loss in FM (p<0.001) and in progression a loss in FFM (p=0.052). The average FM loss was 3.9 kg and 2.3 kg in FFM (=27.9% from starting-FM, 3.4% from starting-FFM). We found a sleep deficit at the start and end of the race; however, ST decreases were not significant (p=0.05). There were changes in the sleep phases: a decrease in RS after the beginning (p=0.005) and increase in DS after the end of the race (p=0.386). Analysis of HRV revealed a decrease in the pNN50 (p=0.429) and a significant decrease in the LF/HF (p=0.035). Discussion ... |
author2 |
M. Steinach M.A. Maggioni O. Opatz S. A Gunga |
format |
Conference Object |
author |
M. Steinach O. Opatz Stahn, A Gunga M.A. Maggioni |
author_facet |
M. Steinach O. Opatz Stahn, A Gunga M.A. Maggioni |
author_sort |
M. Steinach |
title |
PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN PARTICIPANTS OF AN ULTRAMARATHON IN SUBARCTIC CLIMATE |
title_short |
PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN PARTICIPANTS OF AN ULTRAMARATHON IN SUBARCTIC CLIMATE |
title_full |
PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN PARTICIPANTS OF AN ULTRAMARATHON IN SUBARCTIC CLIMATE |
title_fullStr |
PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN PARTICIPANTS OF AN ULTRAMARATHON IN SUBARCTIC CLIMATE |
title_full_unstemmed |
PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN PARTICIPANTS OF AN ULTRAMARATHON IN SUBARCTIC CLIMATE |
title_sort |
physiological changes in participants of an ultramarathon in subarctic climate |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/2434/240153 http://icms2014.de |
geographic |
Arctic Yukon Canada |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Yukon Canada |
genre |
Arctic Subarctic Yukon |
genre_facet |
Arctic Subarctic Yukon |
op_relation |
International Congress of Medicine in Space and Extreme Environments (ICMS) http://hdl.handle.net/2434/240153 http://icms2014.de |
_version_ |
1789963117830078464 |