Carotenoids in bird plumage : the pattern in three Loxia species and in Pinicola Enucleator
We studied the carotenoid pigments in the plumage of Loxia curvirostra, Loxia polygina, Loxia leucoptera and Pinicola enucleator. The pigments were extracted under mild conditions and the extract analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass and ultraviolet-vis spectroscopy. I...
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ftunivmilanoair:oai:air.unimi.it:2434/155945 2024-02-11T10:07:59+01:00 Carotenoids in bird plumage : the pattern in three Loxia species and in Pinicola Enucleator R. Stradi E. Rossi G. Celentano B. Bellardi R. Stradi E. Rossi G. Celentano B. Bellardi 1996 http://hdl.handle.net/2434/155945 https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(95)02064-0 eng eng Elsevier info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:A1996UD42800029 volume:113B issue:2 firstpage:427 lastpage:432 journal:COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART B, BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY http://hdl.handle.net/2434/155945 doi:10.1016/0305-0491(95)02064-0 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-0029916191 bird's plumage carotenoid metabolism carotenoid pattern colour extraction LC-MS analysi LC-UV-vis analysi Loxia specie Pinicola enucleator sexual dimorphism Settore CHIM/06 - Chimica Organica info:eu-repo/semantics/article 1996 ftunivmilanoair https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(95)02064-0 2024-01-16T23:18:18Z We studied the carotenoid pigments in the plumage of Loxia curvirostra, Loxia polygina, Loxia leucoptera and Pinicola enucleator. The pigments were extracted under mild conditions and the extract analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass and ultraviolet-vis spectroscopy. In adult females and young males of Loxia, two major carotenoids, all-trans ε,ε-carotene-3,3'-dione and 3-hydroxy-ε,ε-carotene-3'-one, were responsible for the yellow colour of feathers. Minor amounts of lutein and 3'-dehydrolutein were detected. With sexual maturation, males turn red. The red colour of feathers was attributed to 3-hydroxyechinenone (3-hydroxy-β, β-caroten-4-one); small amounts of other orange-red carotenoids such as astaxanthin (3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione), adonirubin (3-hydroxy-β, β-carotene-4,4'-dione) and canthaxanthin (β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione) were also detected. Varying amounts of the yellow carotenoids found in females and young males were present. The same red pigments are observed in the adult males of P. enucleator. In contrast, in adult female and in young male pinicola, lutein and 3'-dehydrolutein were the major carotenoids. Two other carotenoids, not previously observed in bird plumage, were tentatively assigned to 3-hydroxy-β,ψ-caroten-4-one and 3-hydroxy-β,ψ-caroten-4-one (5'-cis). Article in Journal/Newspaper Pinicola enucleator The University of Milan: Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (AIR) Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 113 2 427 432 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
The University of Milan: Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (AIR) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivmilanoair |
language |
English |
topic |
bird's plumage carotenoid metabolism carotenoid pattern colour extraction LC-MS analysi LC-UV-vis analysi Loxia specie Pinicola enucleator sexual dimorphism Settore CHIM/06 - Chimica Organica |
spellingShingle |
bird's plumage carotenoid metabolism carotenoid pattern colour extraction LC-MS analysi LC-UV-vis analysi Loxia specie Pinicola enucleator sexual dimorphism Settore CHIM/06 - Chimica Organica R. Stradi E. Rossi G. Celentano B. Bellardi Carotenoids in bird plumage : the pattern in three Loxia species and in Pinicola Enucleator |
topic_facet |
bird's plumage carotenoid metabolism carotenoid pattern colour extraction LC-MS analysi LC-UV-vis analysi Loxia specie Pinicola enucleator sexual dimorphism Settore CHIM/06 - Chimica Organica |
description |
We studied the carotenoid pigments in the plumage of Loxia curvirostra, Loxia polygina, Loxia leucoptera and Pinicola enucleator. The pigments were extracted under mild conditions and the extract analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass and ultraviolet-vis spectroscopy. In adult females and young males of Loxia, two major carotenoids, all-trans ε,ε-carotene-3,3'-dione and 3-hydroxy-ε,ε-carotene-3'-one, were responsible for the yellow colour of feathers. Minor amounts of lutein and 3'-dehydrolutein were detected. With sexual maturation, males turn red. The red colour of feathers was attributed to 3-hydroxyechinenone (3-hydroxy-β, β-caroten-4-one); small amounts of other orange-red carotenoids such as astaxanthin (3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione), adonirubin (3-hydroxy-β, β-carotene-4,4'-dione) and canthaxanthin (β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione) were also detected. Varying amounts of the yellow carotenoids found in females and young males were present. The same red pigments are observed in the adult males of P. enucleator. In contrast, in adult female and in young male pinicola, lutein and 3'-dehydrolutein were the major carotenoids. Two other carotenoids, not previously observed in bird plumage, were tentatively assigned to 3-hydroxy-β,ψ-caroten-4-one and 3-hydroxy-β,ψ-caroten-4-one (5'-cis). |
author2 |
R. Stradi E. Rossi G. Celentano B. Bellardi |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
R. Stradi E. Rossi G. Celentano B. Bellardi |
author_facet |
R. Stradi E. Rossi G. Celentano B. Bellardi |
author_sort |
R. Stradi |
title |
Carotenoids in bird plumage : the pattern in three Loxia species and in Pinicola Enucleator |
title_short |
Carotenoids in bird plumage : the pattern in three Loxia species and in Pinicola Enucleator |
title_full |
Carotenoids in bird plumage : the pattern in three Loxia species and in Pinicola Enucleator |
title_fullStr |
Carotenoids in bird plumage : the pattern in three Loxia species and in Pinicola Enucleator |
title_full_unstemmed |
Carotenoids in bird plumage : the pattern in three Loxia species and in Pinicola Enucleator |
title_sort |
carotenoids in bird plumage : the pattern in three loxia species and in pinicola enucleator |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
1996 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/2434/155945 https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(95)02064-0 |
genre |
Pinicola enucleator |
genre_facet |
Pinicola enucleator |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:A1996UD42800029 volume:113B issue:2 firstpage:427 lastpage:432 journal:COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART B, BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY http://hdl.handle.net/2434/155945 doi:10.1016/0305-0491(95)02064-0 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-0029916191 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(95)02064-0 |
container_title |
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology |
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113 |
container_issue |
2 |
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427 |
op_container_end_page |
432 |
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