COMPOUND SPECIFIC CARBON ISOTOPE ANALYSIS FOR BIOMARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH MARINE METHANOTROPHY IN THE ARCTIC

• Main Author: Dougherty, Mara Ryan
• Other Authors: Mignerey, Alice C, Digital Repository at the University of Maryland, University of Maryland (College Park, Md.), Chemistry
• Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
• Language: unknown
• Published: 2012
• Subjects: Chemistry; anaerobic oxidation of methane; Arctic; bacterial biomarkers; radiocarbon; sulfate reducing bacteria; Beaufort Shelf; Climate change; Point Barrow
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/1903/13815

A large reservoir of methane exists in marine sediments. The fate of methane is of particular concern in the Arctic, a region that has already demonstrated sensitivity to climate change. The removal of this potent greenhouse gas from the carbon cycle is largely mediated by microorganisms. In methane bearing ocean sediments where sulfate penetrates the surface sediment, sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and archaeal methanotrophs are found and believed to act as a consortium in the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM). Despite efforts based on thermodynamic models, rate measurements, and δ13C analysis of microbial biomarkers, the process by which methane is removed from anoxic sediments remains speculative. Sediment samples were collected from the Beaufort Shelf, east of Point Barrow, AK as part of the Methane in the Arctic Shelf/Slope (MITAS) Expedition in 2009. Core PC13 from this cruise was selected for compound specific carbon isotope analysis due the measured sulfate and methane concentrations. Stable carbon isotope analysis of the bacterial biomarkers selected specifically for known SRB phylotypes associated with AOM (i.e., i-C15:0, ai-C15:0 and C16:1 fatty acid methyl esters) resulted in δ13C values ranging from -27.8 to -25.3 /, strongly 13C-enriched relative to the biogenic methane in this core (δ13C = -100.0 to -74.6 /). At AOM sites, the microbial community involved in the process should reflect the carbon isotopic signature of the methane in instances of methanotrophy. In PC13, the bacterial biomarkers were not 13C-depleted like the methane, suggesting the lack of sulfate dependent AOM. The measurement of sulfate reduction rates and phylogenetic investigations corroborated the result from biomarker analysis, that the primary pathway for methanotrophy at this site is not coupled to sulfate reduction. Radiocarbon analyses of the bacterial biomarkers from PC13 were not utilized for the determination of methanotrophic pathways because the biomarkers targeted were for phylotypes whose dominant function at ...