Prisotnost zdravstvenega tveganja pri starostnikih - Golenko, Jasmina (J. Golenko, 2018)
Izhodišča: Magistrsko delo podaja vpogled v življenjski slog starostnikov v EU in v njihov način življenja. Skupaj z večjim številom ljudi, starih 65 let in več, ki živijo dlje, narašča tudi število ljudi z več dejavniki tveganega načina življenja. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti, v kolikšnem delu starostniki nezdravo živijo, in predstaviti pogostost pojava posameznih dejavnikov zdravstvenega tveganja, kot so razširjenost pitja alkohola in kajenja, pogostost telesne aktivnosti in prehranjenost starostnikov, s pomočjo indeksa telesne mase. Metode: V empiričnem delu magistrskega dela smo uporabili podatke kvantitativne raziskave o zdravju, procesu staranja in upokojevanju v Evropi – SHARE. Podatke smo statistično analizirali s pomočjo programa SPSS in tako preverili postavljene hipoteze, ki smo jih preverjali s pomočjo Kruskall-Wallisovega testa, post hoc testa in t-testa neodvisnih vzorcev. Raziskovalni vzorec statistične obdelave petega vala raziskave easySHARE, ki je bil opravljen leta 2013, je vključeval 35.140 starostnikov iz petnajstih evropskih držav. Rezultati: Dokazali smo, da med državami EU obstajajo statistično značilne razlike v uživanju alkohola (x² = 4.787,540, p ˂ 0,001). Povprečna starost kadilcev je bistveno nižja kot povprečna starost nekadilcev (t = 26,8, p < 0,001). Ugotovili smo, da obstaja statistično značilna razlika v pogostosti telesne aktivnosti starostnikov med državami EU (x² = 1.748,006, p < 0,001). Sklep: Vse več težav in poslabšanja kroničnih obolenj si povzročamo ljudje sami z dodajanjem zunanjih dejavnikov, ki ogrožajo zdravje. Z zmernim pitjem alkohola, opustitvijo kajenja in redno telesno vadbo bi lahko bilo tudi kronično obolenje lažje obvladovati. Introduction: The master thesis provides an insight into the lifestyle of the EU's older population, and their way of life. Together with the increasing number of people aged 65 and over who live longer, the number of people with several risky lifestyle factors is also increasing. The purpose of the study was to determine the extent to which older people live unhealthily, and to present the frequency of the occurrence of individual health risk factors such as the prevalence of alcohol consumption, smoking, the frequency of physical activity and the nutrition of the older population through the body mass index. Methods: In the empirical part of the master thesis we used the data of quantitative research on Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The results of the study were analysed using SPSS program. Based on hypotheses, we used Kruskall-Wallis test, post hoc tests, and T-test of independent samples. The research sample of statistical processing of the 5th wave of the easySHARE study, which was carried out in 2013, contains 35,140 elderly people from 15 European countries. Results: We have shown that there are statistically significant differences in alcohol consumption between the EU countries (x² = 4787,540, p˂0,001). The average age of smokers is significantly lower than the average age of non-smokers (t = 26.8, p <0.001). We have argued that there is a statistically significant difference in the frequency of physical activity among the older population among EU countries, and this has also been proven (x² = 1748,006, p <0.001). Conclusion: More and more problems, and worsening of these chronic diseases, are caused by people themselves by adding external factors that endanger health. With moderate alcohol consumption, smoking cessation, and regular physical exercise, chronic illness could be more easily managed.