Iskanje, zavarovanje in shranjevanje sledi človeškega izvora na kraju kaznivega dejanja

• Main Author: Ocepek, Tjaša
• Other Authors: Dvoršek, Anton
• Format: Bachelor Thesis
• Language: Slovenian
• Published: T. Ocepek] 2016
• Subjects: kazniva dejanja; kriminalistično preiskovanje; forenzika; forenzične preiskave; sledi; dokazi; biološke sledi; zavarovanje sledi; shranjevanje sledi; diplomske naloge; biological trace; suspect; investigator; searching; insuring and sealing; info:eu-repo/classification/udc/343.983.2(043.2); Urin; sami
• Online Access: https://dk.um.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=62234; https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?id=104215&dn=; http://www.cobiss.si/scripts/cobiss?command=DISPLAY&base=cobib&rid=3274986&fmt=11

Biološke sledi na kraju kaznivega dejanja so v večini primerov ključnega pomena, saj s pomočjo DNK ugotovimo storilca kaznivega dejanja. Pri zavarovanju DNK potrebujemo že zelo majhno količino sledi (npr. le kapljico krvi), da lahko ugotovimo, komu posamezna biološka sled pripada. Pri bioloških sledeh je izredno pomembno, da ne pride do kontaminacije. Kriminalistični tehniki morajo biti zaradi kontaminacije še posebno pozorni pri iskanju, zavarovanju ter shranjevanju sledi. Paziti morajo, da sledi ne uničijo, da jo pravilno zavarujejo in shranijo. Pri tem morajo biti preiskovalci pravilno zaščiteni pred morebitnimi poškodbami na kraju kaznivega dejanja in oblečeni v posebne zaščitne obleke, da sami ne oddajajo lastnih bioloških sledi (npr. las, dlak, sline, znoja). V diplomski nalogi se bomo tako osredotočili na naslednje biološke sledi: kri, spermo, slino, lase in dlake. Poleg teh pa bomo omenili še urin, blato, zobovje in celice kože. Za biološke sledi je značilno, da jih s prostim očesom težko opazimo oziroma so v večini primerov nevidne. Zaradi takšnih okoliščin je delo še posebej zapleteno in utrujajoče, posebno na večjih površinah, kot so polja, njive, večji objekti… Za pomoč pri tem imamo v Sloveniji prvo izurjeno psičko Oli, ki pomaga pri iskanju sledi sperme in krvi. V diplomski nalogi bomo tako predstavili začetke iskanja bioloških sledi in natančneje psičko Oli. Število laboratorijskih preiskav bioloških sledi se iz leto v leto veča. Ker nas zanima, katerih preiskav je največ, bomo na koncu s pomočjo statističnih podatkov prikazali, koliko laboratorijskih preiskav v zvezi z biološkimi sledmi so v zadnjih petih letih opravili in katerih največ. Biological traces on crime scene are in most cases very important with DNA, founded on biological traces, we can easier reveal our suspect. Just a small piece of material is enough, for example blood drop, to find who the specific individual biological trace belongs to. For traces, specially biological, is very important not to be contaminated. Criminal investigators need to be very carefully at finding and saving evidences. They must care not to contaminate traces ant to save and seal it correctly. On the crime scene, investigators must be properly dressed and wear latex gloves. Only that way biological traces are not exposed to their own. In the article we are focusing on next biological traces: blood, sperm, saliva, hair and bristles. Beside those, urine, excrements, teeth and skin cells will also be mentioned. Biological traces are mostly micro-sized and are almost unable to be seen with naked eye. These circumstances makes work more difficult, specially when working on large areas, for example fields, meadows and large objects, in difficult situations in Slovenia crime investigators use dog Oli, specially trained for finding sperm and blood. In future we will focus on finding biological traces and knowing trained dog Oli better. Quantity of laboratory researches is growing every year. Because of interest on type of researches, we will focus on statistical date. Later we will, with help of statistic information, try to find out, how many laboratory researches, related to biological traces, were made in last five years. We will also try to figure out what kind of researches dominate.