Onesnaževanje voda v Sloveniji

• Main Author: Debeljak, Tamara
• Other Authors: Eman, Katja
• Format: Bachelor Thesis
• Language: Slovenian
• Published: T. Debeljak] 2016
• Subjects: okolje; voda; vodni viri; onesnaževanje; ekološka kriminaliteta; diplomske naloge; Environmental crime; water; water resources; pollution; water pollution.; info:eu-repo/classification/udc/502.51:504.5(043.2); Varen; sami
• Online Access: https://dk.um.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=61809; https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?id=100631&dn=; http://www.cobiss.si/scripts/cobiss?command=DISPLAY&base=cobib&rid=3244778&fmt=11

Naš planet je edini z obilico vode v našem osončju. Tri desetine kopnega obkroža kar sedem desetin vode, ki je v nenehnem kroženju. Fizikalna dejstva o vodi se v zgodovini človeštva niso bistveno spreminjala, močno pa sta se v zadnjih stoletjih spremenila življenjski slog in številčnost naše vrste. Danes si več kot sedem milijard ljudi deli enako količino pitne vode, kot je bila na voljo tristo milijonom zemljanov v času rimskega cesarstva. Naše potrebe po vodi pa so danes tudi mnogo večje, kot so bile kadarkoli v zgodovini človeške vrste. Ob tem je zaradi nepremišljenih človekovih posegov v okolje v dvajsetem stoletju izginila polovica svetovnih mokrišč in danes številne reke ne pridejo več do morja. Podtalnica je marsikje onesnažena do te mere, da ni več varen vir pitne vode (Kajfež Bogataj, 2013). Zaradi previsokih cen preskrbe ljudi z vodo je marsikdo tudi nima, čeprav je najpomembnejši vir za naše preživetje. Diplomska naloga predstavlja onesnaženost voda v Sloveniji kot obliko ekološke kriminalitete. Namen je prikazati, s čim vse jo onesnažujemo, kakšne posledice nam to prinese, in pa predlagati ustrezne rešitve, da se to odpravi oz. zmanjša. Naredili smo tudi primerjavo bioloških in kemijskih kakovosti voda za Ilirsko Bistrico in Ljubljano in ugotovili, da med njima ni bistvene razlike, voda je čista tako sedaj kot tudi leta 2012, nekaj odstopanj je bilo le zaradi povečanih padavin, te pa vplivajo na oporečnost vode. Pri pisanju smo s pomočjo statističnih podatkov na ARSO in z drugo literaturo ugotovili, da imamo v Sloveniji veliko in zelo bogatih vodnih virov, ki pa so zaradi različnih dejavnikov pogosto onesnaženi. Voda je velikokrat onesnažena tudi zaradi samih podnebnih sprememb (poplave) in pa seveda človeka. To pa na žalost vodi k nezdravemu okolju, saj s tem škodujemo živalim, rastlinam in sami sebi. Onesnaženost voda bi se lahko občutno zmanjšala, če bi bili ljudje bolj ozaveščeni o onesnaževanju, sploh pa o posledicah, ki jih ta prinaša, in če bi sami ukrepali proti temu, npr. z obveščanjem pristojnih organov, prijavami. Planet Earth is the only planet with the abundance of water in our Solar System. Three tenths of the land is surrounded by seven tenths of the water which is in constant circulation. The physical properties of water have not changed drastically throughout the history of humankind however in the recent centuries the lifestyle has changed strongly and the number of population has increased considerably. Today, more than seven billion people share the same amount of drinking water that was available to three hundred million people living in the time of the Roman Empire. Our water needs are now also much higher than ever before in the history of humans. Because of the effect of careless human activity on the environment in the twentieth century, half of the world's wetlands has dried out and today many rivers no longer reach the sea. Groundwater is in many places polluted to such an extent that it is no longer a safe source of drinking water (Kajfež Bogataj, 2013). Due to excessively high prices of water supply, many people cannot afford it even though water is a fundamental human need. The thesis presents water pollution in Slovenia as a form of environmental crime. The purpose of the thesis is to present the factors contributing to the water pollution its consequences and to propose appropriate solutions to prevent or reduce it. We made a comparison of biological and chemical water quality in Ilirska Bistrica and Ljubljana and found that there is no significant difference between them water is currently clean as well as it was in 2012, though some deviations occurred due to increased precipitation that affected the contamination of water. Referring to statistics from Slovenian Environmental Agency and other literature we concluded that Slovenia is very rich in water resources which can often be increasingly polluted due to various factors. Water is often contaminated because of the climate changes (i.e. floods) and, of course, humans. This unfortunately leads to unhealthy environment and harms animals, plants and people. Water pollution could be reduced significantly if people were conscious of the pollution and certainly more aware of the consequences and if they themselves took action, for example with informing the competent authorities, or report an environmental violation.