SODELOVANJE DELAVCEV PRI UPRAVLJANJU V ZAVODIH - Kovač, Bogdana (2016)
Sodelovanje delavcev pri upravljanju je bilo v Republiki Sloveniji zakonsko urejeno že s sprejetjem Ustave RS in podrobneje opredeljeno s krovnim Zakonom o sodelovanju delavcev pri upravljanju. Omenjeni zakon pokriva zlasti področje gospodarstva, negospodarski sektor pa obravnava le v treh členih. Na pravno vrzel že vrsto let opozarjajo strokovnjaki s področja participativnega menedžmenta, sindikalne organizacije kot tudi javni uslužbenci sami. Zaposleni v javnem sektorju tako že vrsto let plujejo v pravnem brezvetrju, opirajoč se na panožne kolektivne pogodbe in smiselno uporabo zgoraj omenjenega zakona. Javni uslužbenci lahko svojo ustavno pravico do sodelovanja pri upravljanju uresničujejo na dveh ravneh, in sicer individualno, delavec kot posameznik v okviru svojega delovnega mesta in kolektivno prek svojih predstavnikov v svetu zavoda ter prek zastopnikov v delavskem predstavništvu, če je ta konstituiran. Participacija je fakultativna pravica zaposlenih, torej če ti niso dovolj angažirani in tovrstno aktivni, ne bo zaživela v njihovi delovni skupnosti. Zato je ključnega pomena, da so zaposleni o teh pravicah dovolj informirani, poučeni in motivirani za proaktivno delovanje. Pomembni dejavniki upravljanja zavoda so tudi člani sveta zavoda, ki nadzorujejo zakonitost delovanja institucije. Sestava, število in pristojnosti članov svetov se določijo z zakonom ali aktom o ustanovitvi oziroma s statutom ali pravili zavoda. Upoštevajoč dejstvo, da so člani sveta zavoda upravno nadzorni organ, je ključnega pomena njihova aktivna vloga v zavodu, zavzetost za reševanje tekoče problematike, poznavanje področja dela in ne nazadnje ustrezna strokovna usposobljenost. Ustrezno participativno klimo pa ustvarja tudi ravnatelj oziroma direktor s konstruktivnim dialogom tako z zaposlenimi kot tudi s člani sveta zavoda, zglednim vodenjem institucije in ustvarjanjem pogojev za individualno ter kolektivno sodelovanje pri upravljanju. Worker participation in management in the Republic of Slovenia has been regulated since the adoption of the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia and further specified with the Worker Participation in Management Act. The Act mainly covers the economic sector, while non-economic sectors are only discussed in three articles. For many years experts in participatory management, trade unions and even public servants themselves have been drawing attention to this loophole. Employees in the public sector have thus been caught somewhere in between, relying on sectoral collective agreements and application mutatis mutandis of the above Act. Public servants can exercise their constitutional right to participate in management at two levels, i.e. individually as part of their job post or collectively via their representatives in the institute council and in the worker's representation, if it exists. Participation is an optional right of employees, meaning that it will not be exercised if there is a lack of engagement and activity in this field. As a result, it is crucial that employees are fully acquainted with and aware of the rights and also motivated for proactive engagement. The members of the institute council monitor the legality of the institute and also play an important role in its management. The composition, number and competencies of council members are determined by means of an act, a founding instrument, a statute or rules of the institution. Considering the fact that council members are the administrative and supervisory body, their active role in the institution, motivation to solve current issues, knowledge of the fields of work as well as adequate professional qualifications are crucial. Nevertheless, the head of the institution is also responsible for creating an adequate participatory climate through constructive dialogue with employees and council members, exemplary management of the institution and by providing good conditions for individual and collective participation in management.