Ostanki ptic v arheoloških izkopaninah v Blatni Brezovici

• Main Author: Javornik, Janja
• Other Authors: Janžekovič, Franc
• Format: Bachelor Thesis
• Language: Slovenian
• Published: 2016
• Subjects: ostanki ptic; ptičje kosti; avifavna; habitat; koliščarska naselbina; arheološke izkopanine; artefakti; medularno kostno tkivo; Blatna Brezovica; Ljubljansko barje; the remains of birds; bird bones; avifauna habitat; pile-dwelling settlement; archaeological excavations; artifacts; medullary bone; Larus canus
• Online Access: https://dk.um.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=59353; https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?id=92829&dn=

V diplomski nalogi smo proučevali ostanke ptic z arheološkega najdišča Blatna Brezovica. Koliščarska naselbina Blatna Brezovica je živela približno od 3500 do 3330 pr. Kr., ko se končuje mlajša kamena in začenja bakrena doba. Osnovni cilji diplomske naloge so bili: najprej iz kostnega determiniranega materiala ptic razbrati morebitne artefakte in kosti, ki sodijo v gnezditveno obdobje ptic ter ugotoviti, kakšna je ekološka oznaka in gnezditveni status ptic z najdišča, rekonstruirati okolje ter ugotoviti pomen ptic za človeka. Na območju arheološkega najdišča koliščarske naselbine Blatna Brezovica je bilo v letih 2003 in 2004 izkopanih 2091 ptičjih kosti ali njihovih fragmentov. Pri tem so anatomsko in taksonomsko prepoznali 682 kosti, ki so pripadale 13 vrstam: Bucephala clangula, Aythya fuligula, Mergus cf. merganser, Anas crecca, Fulica atra, Phalacrocorax carbo, Podiceps cristatus, Podiceps ruficollis, Podiceps cf. grisegena, Larus canus, Hirundo rustica, Strix aluco, Ardea cinerea. Od tega so 117 kostnih ostankov prepoznali le do družine Anatidae indet., 1 kostni ostanek do rodu Anser sp. in 1 primerek do rodu Cygnus sp. Pri tem domnevajo, da gre za kostno akumulacijo kuhinjskih ostankov koliščarjev, iz pogostosti vrst sklepajo na preferenco koliščarjev do posameznega plena. Zato je rekonstrukcija okolja omejena na lovni habitat koliščarjev. Iz današnjih ekoloških zahtev ptic sklepamo, da je bil v bližini kolišča biotop s stoječo vodo, s pelaškim in litoralnim območjem, kjer je bila globina v jezeru ponekod do več metrov. Na kopnem se je razprostirala odprta pokrajina s travišči in gozdovi. In this thesis, we examined the remains of birds from the archaeological site of Blatna Brezovica. Pile-dwelling settlement Blatna Brezovica has lived approximately 3500 to 3330 BC. Cr., when Neolithic Age finishes and Copper Age begins. The basic objectives of the thesis were to figure out potential artifacts and bones out of bone determinated material of birds, which fall into the breeding season of birds and determine what the eco-label is and breeding status of birds from the site, reconstruct the environment and determine the importance of birds to humans. In the area of the archaeological site of pile-dwelling settlement Blatna Brezovica in the years 2003 and 2004, it was excavated 2091 bird bones or their fragments. They anatomically and taxonomically identified 682 bones, which belonged to 13 species: Bucephala clangula, Aythya fuligula, Mergus cf. merganser, Anas crecca, Fulica atra, Phalacrocorax carbo, Podiceps cristatus, Podiceps ruficollis, Podiceps cf. grisegena, Larus canus, Hirundo rustica, Strix aluco, Ardea cinerea. There were 117 skeletal remains recognized only to the family Anatidae indet., 1 bone residue of the genus Anser sp. and one instance of the genus Cygnus sp. They assume that it is a bone accumulation kitchen scrap piles, the frequency of the species concluded in preference to a single prey pile. Therefore, the reconstruction of the environment is limited to the hunting habitat pile. From today's ecological requirements of birds we conclude, that it was near the pile biotope with standing water, the pelagic and littoral areas where the depth of the lake sometimes was up to several meters. Overland was extended by open landscape with grasslands and forests.