Psihosocialni dejavniki nasilnih kaznivih dejanj v času socialno-ekonomske krize - Šimac Turk, Tajda (T. Rajšp], 2015)
Vedno nas je zanimalo in vedno nas bo zanimalo, kakšna je narava pojavov, kot so kriminaliteta, alkoholizem, odklonskost in podobno. Veliko je teorij, stališč in mnenj o najglobljih vzrokih teh pojavov. Naše magistrsko delo se nanaša na psihosocialne dejavnike in socialno-ekonomsko krizo ter njun večji ali manjši vpliv na kriminaliteto. Naj že na začetku magistrskega dela opozorimo, da nobena izmed danes obstoječih teorij ne nastopa v čisti obliki, saj bi bilo neumno zanikati vpliv družbenih razmer kakor tudi pomen osebnosti v nastajanju posameznikove deviantnosti oziroma kriminalitete. Vsa dosedanja raziskovanja nas lahko vedno bolj prepričajo, da sta oba odločilna dejavnika – družba in posameznik – enako pomembna, če ne celo neločljivo povezana (tako pri nastajanju pozitivnih kot tudi pri nastajanju negativnih družbenih pojavov). Pomembno vlogo pri »nastajanju« zločinca igra družba, ob tem pa sta pomembni tudi individualna odločitev in priložnost. Na začetku zaključnega dela smo opisali kratek razvoj različnih kriminoloških teorij o vzrokih za kriminaliteto, njihova izhodišča, stališča in mnenja. Dotaknili smo se človekovega razvoja in njegove pridobitve vedenjskih vzorcev, vrednot, standardov, veščin, stališč in motivov, družbenih norm, sankcij in soočanja s pritiski. Pogledali smo, kako je prišlo do socialno-ekonomske krize in kakšne posledice so vidne danes. Se vidi porast v kriminaliteti nasilnih kaznivih dejanj in ali lahko za to krivimo krizo? Kateri so še drugi možni dejavniki, ki bi lahko vplivali na kriminaliteto? Pogledali smo tudi druge države v krizi, na kratko smo opisali vladajoče razmere in vpliv kriminalitete v Islandiji, Španiji ter v Združenih državah Amerike, saj smo pri raziskovanju pridobili statistične podatke. Poudarek smo dali razmeram, ki vladajo v Sloveniji od krize naprej. Pridobili in ovrednotili smo sekundarne statistične podatke o kriminaliteti v Sloveniji. Osredotočili smo se na nasilna kazniva dejanja, kot so umor, uboj, rop, povzročitev telesne poškodbe in spolno nasilje. Največji poudarek smo namenili nasilju v družini, saj se notranji pritiski in frustracije najprej kažejo znotraj družine. Izbrali smo si tudi odmevnejši primer nasilnega kaznivega dejanja v Sloveniji, ki smo ga s pridobljenim znanjem kar se da najbolje analizirali in izluščili tiste vzroke in dejavnike, ki so pripeljali storilca, da je izvršil nasilno kaznivo dejanje. Opravili smo tudi osebni intervju z znanim strokovnjakom s področja sociologije, doc. dr. Alešem Bučarjem-Ručmanom. We were always interested and we will always want to know what is the nature and phenomena of crime, alcoholism and criminality. There are many theories, views and opinions of the deepest causes of these phenomena. Our masters refer to psychosocial factors in the socio-economic crisis and their higher or lower impact on crime. Let me point out, that none of the now existing theories, do not appear in its pure form. It would be foolish to deny the influence of social conditions as well as the importance of personality in the formation of individual deviance and criminality. All current research can point out that they are both critical factors- society and individuals- and important, if not inseparably linked, both in the formation of positive as well as the negative social phenomena. Society plays an important role in »making« a criminal, while the individual decision and opportunity are also important. At the beginning we describe a brief development of various criminological theories on the causes of crime, their starting points, views and opinions. We described human development and its acquisition of behavioral patterns, values, standards, skills, attitudes and motives, social norms, sanctions and how to cope with pressures. We looked at how crisis occurred and which consequences are visible today. Is there an increase in violent crime and can we blame the crisis for that? What are other possible factors that could have an impact on crime? We briefly described the conditions and impact on crime in Iceland, Spain and United States of America, since we have gained the research statistics. The focus was given to the situation prevailing in Slovenia since the crisis. We obtained and evaluated secondary statistical data on crime in Slovenia. We focused on violent crime such as murder, manslaughter, robbery and sexual violence. The greatest emphasis was placed on domestic violence, because the internal pressures and frustrations are first shown within the family. At the end we have chosen the most notable case of a violent crime in Slovenia and with obtained knowledge, we analyzed and extracted those causes and factors that led the offender to the execution of violent crime. At last we conducted a personal interview with a known expert in the field of sociology dr. Aleš Bučar-Ručmanom.