POMEN IN VLOGA IGRAČ V ZASEBNIH VRTCIH - Krautberger, Janja ([J. Krautberger], 2015)
Starši lahko za svoje otroke izbirajo vrtce, za katere mislijo, da so zanje najprimernejši, zato je prav, da imajo pri tem čim bolj raznoliko ponudbo, kar jim med drugim omogočajo predvsem zasebni vrtci. Diplomsko delo z naslovom Pomen in vloga igrač v zasebnih vrtcih v teoretičnem delu predstavlja zasebne vrtce nekoč in danes, njihove naloge, cilje in načela pri njihovem uvajanju. V nadaljevanju so predstavljene razlike med javnimi in zasebnimi vrtci, kurikulum za vrtce, zakonska ureditev, plačilo staršev ter sofinanciranje s strani občine ter potrebni pogoji za ustanovitev zasebnega vrtca. Nato so predstavljene raznolikosti programov, in sicer izbira programov in vrtcev, zasebni vrtci, ki delujejo po programu Kurikuluma za vrtce – nadomestni vrtci, program Marie Montessori ter program waldorfskega vrtca. V zadnjem poglavju pa so predstavljene igrače v različnih programih, vloga igrač v vrtcu, pomen igrač za otrokov razvoj ter razlike med igračami glede na material in dovršenost. V empiričnem delu so predstavljeni rezultati raziskave na temo zasebnih vrtcev ter pomen in vloga uporabljenih igrač. Vzorec je zajemal 80 vzgojiteljev iz zasebnih vrtcev po vsej Sloveniji. Cilj je bil ugotoviti, kako pogosto vzgojitelji pri svojem delu otrokom omogočijo, da pri igri uporabljajo igrače, ki so iz naravnih materialov, ali imajo otroci možnost igrače sami izdelati in jih dokončati oz. dovršiti. Prav tako je bil cilj ugotoviti, kdo v vrtcu je zadolžen za izbiro oz. nabavo igrač in če so pri tem upoštevane tudi želje staršev vključenih otrok, ter kako pomembni so za vzgojitelje izpostavljeni dejavniki pri izbiri igrač. Podatki, ki so bili zbrani s pomočjo anketnih vprašalnikov, so bili obdelani s pomočjo programa SPSS in predstavljeni tabelarično. Pri tem so bile prikazane razlike glede na spol anketirancev, pedagoške pristope oz. programe, uporabljene pri delu, in število otrok, vključenih v oddelek glede na starostno obdobje. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da se med različnimi vsebinami in glede na različne neodvisne spremenljivke redko pojavljajo statistično značilne razlike, kar je bilo ocenjeno kot pozitivno, saj kaže na enotnost vzgojiteljev pri svojih odgovorih in posledično pri svojem delu. Parents can choose a kindergarten that is, in their opinion, most suitable for their children and they should have a variety of possibilities, which private kindergartens certainly enable them. The diploma paper with the title The Meaning and Role of Toys in Private Kindergartens consists of theoretical and empirical part. In theoretical part I presented private kindergartens in the past and today, their tasks, goals, and principals in their deployment. Later on I presented the differences between public and private kindergartens, curriculum for kindergartens, statutory regulation, the payment by the parents and co-finance by the municipality, and special conditions when founding a private kindergarten. Then I presented the variety of programmes, such as selection of programmes and kindergartens, private kindergartens that are active by the programme of Curriculum for kindergartens-substitutive kindergartens, Maria Montessori programme, and Waldorf kindergarten programme. In the last section of the theoretical part I presented toys in different programmes, the role of toys in kindergartens, the meaning of toys for the child’s development, and the difference between toys according to the material and perfection. In the empirical part I presented the results of my research on the subject of private kindergartens and the meaning and role of toys in them. The sample consisted of eighty kindergarten teachers from private kindergartens all over Slovenia. The goal was to establish how often the teachers enable the children to play with toys made from natural materials, and if they can make the toys themselves and finish or complete some of them. Besides that, the goal was to find out who in the kindergarten is responsible for selecting and purchasing of toys, if the wishes of children’s parents are taken into consideration, and how important are those factors for the kindergarten teachers when selecting toys. The collected data that were gathered with the help of the survey questionnaire were processed with the help of the SPSS programme and presented tabular. The differences in gender of the interviewees were also presented, as well as pedagogical approaches or programmes that were used, and the number of children enrolled in the department in reference to their age. It was established that between different contents and according to the different independent variables statistically distinctive differences are rare, which was evaluated as positive, as it shows the unity of kindergarten teachers in their answers and consequently in their work.