VPLIV TERORIZMA NA RAZVOJ PREDPISOV V LETALSKEM PROMETU

• Main Author: Savić, Srečko
• Other Authors: Tratnik, Matjaž
• Format: Bachelor Thesis
• Language: Slovenian
• Published: [S. Savić] 2015
• Subjects: terorizem; letalstvo; zrakoplov; letalska varnost; varnostni ukrepi; napad; ugrabitev; razstrelivo; samomorilci; profiliranje.; terrorism; aviation; aircraft; aviation security; security measures; profiling; hijacking; air piracy; suicide bombers; bombings.; info:eu-repo/classification/udc/343.712.5(043.2); sami
• Online Access: https://dk.um.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=48498; https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?id=72876&dn=; http://www.cobiss.si/scripts/cobiss?command=DISPLAY&base=cobib&rid=4925995&fmt=11

V svoji diplomski nalogi bom predstavil razvoj varnostnih ukrepov v civilnem letalstvu skozi prizmo prilagajanja načina izvrševanja terorističnih dejanj na obstoječe varnostne ukrepe. Na začetku razvoja letalske industrije nihče ni niti pomislil na dejanja nezakonitega vmešavanja v povezavi z letalom in temu primerna je bila tudi stopnja varovanja, saj je bilo vse skupaj tako kot da bi šel na vožnjo z avtobusom ali vlakom. Kupil si vozovnico, se usedel na letalo in odpotoval. Trend se je začel spreminjati, ko so obsojenci z ugrabitvijo letala poskušali najti zatočišče v državah, ki niso imele podpisanega sporazuma o ekstradikciji z državo njihovega izvora. V času hladne vojne so se pojavila razna teroristična gibanja, ki so začela izkoriščati publiciteto ob ugrabitvi letala, zavoljo doseganja lastnih političnih ciljev. Te so dosegli z izsiljevanjem in v zameno za talce, ki so jih ugrabili skupaj z letalom. Skozi leta so teroristične organizacije spreminjale ter razvijale svoje metode, motive in cilje. Pojavil se je nov trend bombnih napadov na letala, kjer so zopet izkoriščali publiciteto zavoljo lastne prepoznavnosti, vendar tokrat z višjim davkom, saj so se ob tem nezakonitem vmešavanju pojavile tudi smrtne žrtve. Mednarodne organizacije so se odzvale s strožjimi predpisi, a teroristi so se znova prilagodili. Spremenili so taktiko in se niso več ubadali z načini kako podtakniti bombo na letalo, temveč so sami postali smrtonosno orožje, ugrabitelji samomorilci. Metode izvrševanja terorističnih dejanj so se zaenkrat ustavile pri ugrabiteljih samomorilcih, a glede na vzorec, ki mu lahko sledimo že nekaj desetlij, lahko predvidevamo, da se bodo obstoječim metodam pridružile nove. In my thesis I am presenting the developement of security measures in aviation adjusting to the methods of terrorist acts and aviation security regulations. At the beginning of aviation industry no one even thought about the acts of unlawful seizure of the aircraft. Therefore security measures did not exist, passengers did not go through any scrutiny when boarding a plane and everything looked like taking a bus or a train ride. Security measures were introduced only after the new trend of air piracy emerged. Through 1960s and 1970s aircraft hijackings were common, mostly by convicts who tried to escape to countries which did not have a signed treaty on extradition with the country of their origin. At the time of Cold War terrorist movements started using publicity they got with the hijackings, in order to achieve their own political goals. The aforementioned were achieved by blackmailing the authorities with the lives of hostages taken when hijacking an aircraft. Despite the security measures the terrorists have changed and developed their methods, motives and goals through the years. In 1980s they switched to aircraft bombings, again using the publicity, but this time with a death toll. The policy makers responded with tighter security measures, but that only inspired the terrorists to find a new loophole in airport security. Because getting a bomb on an aircraft was off the table, they have become a leathel weapon themselves, thus the suicide bombers. The methods of terrorist acts have not yet developed past the suicide bombers, for now. But history is making us predict that new methods will emerge eventually.