Karierni sistem poklicnih vojakov - mednarodna primerjava

• Main Author: Babič, Miran
• Other Authors: Sotlar, Andrej
• Format: Bachelor Thesis
• Language: Slovenian
• Published: M. Babič] 2015
• Subjects: vojska; profesionalizacija; poklicni vojaki; karierni sistem; mednarodna primerjava; Slovenija; Avstrija; Nemčija; Združene države Amerike; ZDA; diplomske naloge; info:eu-repo/classification/udc/355.097:355.1/.3:331.108.4(043.2); sami
• Online Access: https://dk.um.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=47511; https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?id=70440&dn=; http://www.cobiss.si/scripts/cobiss?command=DISPLAY&base=cobib&rid=5263822&fmt=11

Zaradi vzdrževanja dragega naborniškega sistema so nekatere države pričele s postopnim zmanjševanjem obsega pripadnikov oboroženih sil, kar je posledično privedlo do ukinitve obveznega služenja vojaškega roka. Z odločitvijo za profesionalizacijo se je tako v Slovenski vojski kot tudi v tujih oboroženih silah pojavila potreba po poklicnih vojakih. Vojska nastopa kot delodajalec, vojaški poklic pa se je uveljavil na trgu delovne sile. Vse te spremembe so privedle do drugačnega pristopa glede načrtovanja in razvoja kadrov. Delo v vojski pomeni biti sestavni del hierarhične lestvice, ki zajema vojake, podčastnike, častnike, vojaške uslužbence in civilne osebe, sleherni sestavni del pa je neposredno povezan z razvojem poklicne poti % s kariero. Primerjava kariernih sistemov poklicnih vojakov oboroženih sil Avstrije, Nemčije, Združenih držav Amerike in Slovenije kaže določene podobnosti pa tudi razlike. Podobnosti so naslednje: za poklicne vojake omenjenih držav velja, da podpišejo pogodbo o zaposlitvi za določen čas po končanem osnovnem usposabljanju so razporejeni v enote na vojaške formacijske dolžnosti, kjer morajo glede na potrebe delovnega mesta določeni vojaki opraviti še specialistično usposabljanje po določenem času v sistemu in ob izpolnjevanju pogojev lahko napredujejo in preidejo med podčastnike ko pripadnikom preteče pogodba o zaposlitvi, jo lahko podaljšajo, če obstajajo potrebe po vojaških delovnih mestih in če to tudi sami želijo. Pri odhodu iz vojaškega sistema obstaja nekaj razlik. Tako v oboroženih silah Avstrije in Nemčije Služba za pridobitev poklicne kvalifikacije poskrbi in pripravi posameznika za civilni poklic ter mu pomaga pri pridobitvi nove zaposlitve. Za pripadnike ameriških oboroženih sil, ki zapuščajo vojaške vrste, vojaški sistem s pomočjo raznih programov pomaga pri vrnitvi v civilno življenje. V Slovenski vojski je poklicna pot vojaka zakonsko omejena s starostjo 45 let. Če je bil pripadnik v aktivni vojaški službi najmanj 15 let, mu po Zakonu o obrambi pripadajo pravice do odpravnine, drugega delovnega mesta v okviru ministrstva za obrambo ali pa prekvalifikacija za drug poklic. Because of very expensive conscripted military system some countries started reducing the number of their military. Decreasing number also led to transformation to full professional military, which is also the case with Slovenian armed forces. Suddenly appeared a need for professional soldiers on the labor market. In the new role, Army stands as an employer and military occupation became recognized on the market. Those changes lead to new approach in personal planning and development. Everybody is now a part of hierarchy system which includes soldiers, non-commission officers, officers, military servants and civil personnel. Each of them has a personal career which has to fit in the system. The comparison between soldiers in Slovenian Armed Forces versus soldiers in Austrian Armed Forces, German Armed Forces and United States Armed Forces shows some similarities but also a few differences. Similarities are observed in the facts that all professional soldiers in above mentioned armies sign a contract for a certain period. After finishing the basic training, soldiers are distributed to different units. In those units they have to finish specialization, which depends of the job description. After some time in the system and after they fulfil the conditions, soldiers may be promoted and transferred to non-commissioned officers (NCO%s). When the contract of the employment expires, members could extend it if there is need for military jobs and if they want it themselves. As regards leaving the military system, we found some differences, namely, that in the armed forces of Austria and Germany their Services take care and prepare the individual for the civil occupation, and assist in obtaining new employment. In the US Army, their members who leave the military, get help from the system in the form of several assistance programs to reach normal return to civilian life. In the Slovenian Armed Forces, the career soldier statutory age limit is 45 years. If a soldier was a member of the active military service for at least 15 years, he is granted the right to receive severance pay or another job within the Ministry of Defense or retraining for another job.