PRAVNI REŽIM ANTARKTIKE

• Main Author: Prošek, Biserka
• Other Authors: Tratnik, Matjaž
• Format: Bachelor Thesis
• Language: Slovenian
• Published: [B. Prošek] 2015
• Subjects: Antarktika; res communis; Pogodba o Antarktiki; objektivni režim; obveznosti erga omnes; Madridski protokol; internacionalizacija; skupna dediščina človeštva; Antarctica; Antarctic Treaty; objective regime; erga omnes obligations; Madrid protocol; internationalisation; common heritage of mankind; info:eu-repo/classification/udc/341.236(043.2); Antarctic; The Antarctic; Antarc*
• Online Access: https://dk.um.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=47432; https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?id=70233&dn=; http://www.cobiss.si/scripts/cobiss?command=DISPLAY&base=cobib&rid=4895531&fmt=11

Antarktika je bila zadnje odkrito območje na Zemlji in zato predmet ozemeljskih zahtev. Zainteresirane države so po dvajsetih letih dogovarjanj in oblikovanj različnih predlogov za vzpostavitev pravnega statusa oziroma pravnega režima na Antarktiki leta 1959 sprejele Pogodbo o Antarktiki, ki nima statusa univerzalnega značaja kot pogodbe podobnih pravnih režimov npr. odprto morje in vesolje, zato predstavlja unikum pogodbene ureditve v mednarodnem pravu. V skrbi za ohranitev neokrnjenega antarktičnega okolja in v izogib plenjenju antarktičnih živih virov in rudnih bogastev, so pogodbi sledile konvencije, okoljski protokol, ukrepi in priporočila, ki predstavljajo celoten sistem Pogodbe o Antarktiki. Pravni režim Antarktike že več kot petdeset let predstavlja urejenost in zgledno sodelovanje med državami članicami pogodbe. Pogodba Antarktiko razglaša za področje v interesu vsega človeštva, ki ga je mogoče uporabljati le v miroljubne namene. Antarktika nima statusa internacionaliziranega območja saj ni upravljana oziroma vodena s strani enotnega organa. Vsa dosedanja prizadevanja mednarodne skupnosti za vzpostavitev skrbništva OZN, ali drugega skupnega organa, niso bila uspešna. Antarktika je zadnje območje planeta Zemlja z neokrnjeno naravo, izrednimi zalogami vode in pomembnimi naravnimi resursi, zato bi morala postati območje posebnega pomena za človeštvo s statusom skupne dediščine človeštva. Antarctica was the last discovered area on Earth and as such is subject to territorial claims. After 20 years of negotiation and formulation of various proposals to define the legal status and establish a legal regime on Antarctica, the interested countries adopted the Antarctic Treaty in 1959, which unlike treaties of similar legal regimes, such as the freedom of use of the high seas (UNCLOS) and the Outer Space Treaty, does not have a status of universal jurisdiction and therefore represents a unique legal arrangement in international law. In order to preserve the Antarctic environment in its pristine condition and to prevent the exploitation of Antarctica's living and mineral resources, the Treaty was supplemented with other conventions, measures, recommendations and the environmental protection protocol, which comprise the entire Antarctic Treaty System. For more than fifty years, the legal regime governing Antarctica has represented orderliness and exemplary cooperation between the treaty member states. The Treaty defines Antarctica as a territory that is in the interest of all mankind and that may only be used for peaceful purposes. Antarctica does not have the status of an internationalised territory as it is not governed or managed by any single body. So far, all efforts of the international community to establish stewardship by the UN or another joint body have been unsuccessful. Antarctica is the last territory on planet Earth with intact nature, exceptional water reserves and important natural resources as such, it should be declared an area of special significance to humanity with the status of common heritage of mankind.