OSVEŠČENOST PREBIVALCEV O PREPREČEVANJU MOŽGANSKE KAPI - Oset, Kristjana ([K. Oset], 2015)
Izhodišče: Ishemični cerebrovaskularni inzult ali možganska kap je posledica perfuzijskih motenj pri stenozantnih ali okluzivnih procesih na estrakranialnem in itrakranialnem možganskem ožilju. Vzroki možganske kapi so: zvišan krvni tlak, kajenje, sladkorna bolezen, zvišane krvne maščobe, čezmerno uživanje alkohola, dednost in staranje. K preprečevanju možganske kapi spadata predvsem zdrav način prehranjevanja in redna telesna dejavnost, pa tudi ozaveščanje prebivalstva o vzrokih in posledicah možganske kapi. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je ugotoviti, ali so ljudje ozaveščeni o možganski kapi, rizičnih dejavnikih, ki vplivajo na nastanek možganske kapi in njenem preprečevanju. Metodologija: Pri izdelavi diplomskega dela smo uporabili deskriptivno in kvantitativno metodo dela. Uporabili smo strokovno literaturo, ki obravnava možgansko kap. Pridobljene podatke smo sistematično pregledali in kritično analizirali. V raziskovalnem delu diplomskega dela smo kot raziskovalni instrument uporabili anketni vprašalnik, ki je obsegal 11 vprašanj zaprtega tipa in dve vprašanji odprtega tipa. Pridobljene rezultate smo prikazali opisno in grafično s strukturnimi krogi, stolpi in v tabelah. Rezultati: Rezultati so pokazali, da so anketiranci kar dobro seznanjeni s pojmom »možganska kap« in da dobro poznajo nekatere dejavnike, ki jo povzročajo, z nekaterimi pa so slabše seznanjeni. Tudi s simptomi možganske kapi in njenimi posledicami so anketiranci kar dobro seznanjeni, vendar pa se je kljub temu ne bojijo. Ugotovili smo tudi, da so se o možganski kapi anketiranci največkrat poučili kar sami preko različnih medijev, zdravstveni delavci pa so jih o tem seznanili redkeje. Sklep: Ker več kot polovica anketiranih oseb z ozaveščanjem o možganski kapi ni zadovoljnih, prav tako ne poznajo vseh vzrokov in načinov preprečevanja možganske kapi, menimo, da bi moralo zdravstveno osebje o tem ponujati več informacij z izobraževanjem na nevroloških oddelkih ter literature v obliki brošur, ki bi jih pošiljali tudi na dom. Izvajali bi tudi delavnice za svojce in paciente na temo preprečevanja možganske kapi na nevroloških oddelkih in v zdravstvenih domovih. ABSTRACT Introduction: Ischemic cerebrovascular accident or stroke is the result of perfusion disturbances in occlusive processes in extracranial and intracranial brain blood vessels. The causes of stroke are: high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, elevated blood fat levels, excessive alcohol intake, genetics and aging. Stroke prevention includes mostly healthy diet and regular physical activity, as well as raising awareness of the causes and consequences of stroke. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to determine public awareness of stroke, awareness of risk factors which influence the formation of stroke and awareness of stroke prevention. Research methodology: Work methods used in this thesis were descriptive and quantitative. We used expert literature on stroke. Acquired data were systematically reviewed and critically analyzed. In the research part of the thesis we used questionnaire as a research instrument. It consisted of 11 multi-choice questions and two open-ended questions. Obtained results are shown descriptively and graphically with structural circles, with columns and with tables. Results: Results showed that respondents are quite well acquainted with the concept of "stroke" and with some of the stroke risk factors, while others risk factors are less familiar to them. Respondents are also well acquainted with symptoms of stroke and its consequences, but nevertheless they are not afraid of it. We have also discovered that respondents mostly get information about the stroke through different media and are rarely informed about it by health professionals. Conclusion: Since more than half of respondents are not content with stroke awareness raising, and are not familiar with all the causes and methods of preventing stroke, we believe, that medical staff should offer more information with education in neurological wards and with literature in the form of brochures, which would be sent to people’s homes. Medical staff should also conduct workshops on subject of stroke prevention in the neurological wards and health centers for families and the patients.