Neformalna ekonomija na Islandiji : diplomsko delo visokošolskega strokovnega študija Varnost in policijsko delo

• Main Author: Brajkovec, Simona
• Other Authors: Dobovšek, Bojan
• Format: Bachelor Thesis
• Language: Slovenian
• Published: S. Brajkovec 2013
• Subjects: ekonomija; neformalna ekonomija; trgovina z ljudmi; prostitucija; pranje denarja; preprečevanje; policija; Islandija; diplomske naloge; info:eu-repo/classification/udc/343.3/.7(491.1)(043.2); Iceland
• Online Access: https://dk.um.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=41207; https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?id=56844&dn=; https://plus.si.cobiss.net/opac7/bib/2650602?lang=sl

Neformalna ekonomija je pojav, za katerega ni enotne definicije. Prisoten je v vseh državah sveta, ne glede na njihovo razvitost. Neformalno ekonomijo lahko najdemo pod izrazi siva ekonomija, podzemna ekonomija ipd. To je ekonomija, ki je nasprotje uradni ekonomiji. Bistvo vseh definicij je, da so to dejavnosti, v katerih ni prijavljen dohodek, niti se ne plačujejo davki. Pojavlja se tako v legalnih, kot ilegalnih dejavnostih. Tako jo lahko opazimo pri dejavnostih kot so : delo na črno, davčne utaje, prostitucija, tihotapljenje in preprodaja drog, trgovanje z belim blagom, pranje denarja in igre na srečno, trgovanje z orožjem in druge. V njo so vpleteni posamezniki, oziroma organizirane kriminalne združbe. Tudi Islandija, ki kljub temu da je najvarnejša evropska država, se tem dejavnostim in neformalni ekonomiji ne more izogniti, saj lahko pri njih najdemo vse izmed zgoraj naštetih dejavnosti. Namen maje diplomske naloge je bil izvesti študijo, zakaj in kako je do islandske krize prišlo, ter kako so se ljudje odzvali na krizo, in pa kaj se je dogajalo s stanjem neformalne ekonomije pred, med in po krizi. Rezultati izvedene študije izkazujejo, da so glavni krivec za islandsko krizo bile banke in oblast, ki jo je izbralo ljudstvo. Gospodarstvo je padlo na kolena, ljudje so se soočali z ogromno brezposelnostjo in inflacijo. Podjetja in banke so propadle. Vsi ti negativni dejavniki so posledično povzročili porast neformalne ekonomije. Islandija se lahko pohvali z dejstvom, da sklepa pakte z različnimi mednarodnimi institucijami, ki se borijo proti neformalni ekonomiji. Prav tako imajo nordijske države ustanovljene svojo policijo, katere je članica tudi Islandija. Informal economy is phenomena for which we don´t have a unified definition. We can find it in every country in the world no matter how the country is developed. We can find informal economy under the term grey economy, underground economy and ect. This is economy which is opposite of the formal economy. The essence of all definitions is that these are activities where there is no declared income, nor paid taxes. We can find it in legal or illegal activities. These activities are undeclared work, tax frauds, prostitution, smuggling and trafficking with drugs, human trafficking, money laundering, gambling, arms trafficking and others. People involved in the informal economy are individuals or organised criminal groups. All of these activities can be found on Iceland even though it is supposed to be the safest European country. The purpose of the final thesis was to carry out a study, why and how did the crisis on Iceland begin, what was the human reaction to a crisis and what was happening with the state of the informal economy before, during and after the crisis. The results of the study say that the main culprits for the crisis were banks and government, chosen by the Icelandic people. The economy hit its lowest, unemployment was getting bigger, just as the inflation was. Companies and banks went into bankruptcy. All these negative factors did consequently cause increase of the informal economy. Iceland signed pacts with various international institutions, which are fighting against it. Nordic countries have their own police of which Iceland is a member as well.