Tveganje za malarijo na potovanjih in preventivno vedenje slovenskih potnikov - Prašnički, Natalija (N. Prašnički, 2013)
Malarija je eden največjih zdravstvenih problemov na svetu. V Evropi je vsako leto prijavljenih približno 7000 primerov vnesene malarije. V Sloveniji je število vnesenih primerov malarije nizko. V desetletnem obdobju od 2001 do 2010 je bilo prijavljenih 66 primerov malarije. Odpornost plazmodijev na antimalarike se širi in je velik problem pri preprečevanju in zdravljenju malarije. Malarijo preprečujemo z zaščito pred piki komarjev in zaščito z zdravili. Zato je pomembno, da potnik pred potovanjem pridobi jasne in izčrpne informacije v skladu z najnovejšimi priporočili. Potnikova skrb za varovanje in ohranitev zdravja na potovanju pa je ključnega pomena. Namen magistrskega dela je opisati malarijo in njen pomen z vidika javnega zdravja in slovenske potnike. Glede na to, da vedno več ljudi potuje v dežele, kjer je malarija endemična, je pomembno, da se potniki pravilno zaščitijo pred piki komarjev in poskrbijo za zaščito z zdravili ter s tem zmanjšajo nevarnosti za svoje zdravje. Predstavljena je specializirana ambulanta za potnike kot pomemben člen pri varovanju zdravja potnikov. Metodologija raziskovanja: V raziskavi smo uporabili analitično epidemiološko metodo s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika, poslanega preko elektronske pošte uporabnikom socialnih omrežij, namenjenih potovanju. Vključenih je bilo 500 potnikov, ki so potovali na malarično območje. Za analizo podatkov smo uporabili programa Microsoft Word Excel 2007, SPSS 19 in statistični test deleža. Rezultati: Ugotovili smo, da potniki dobro poznajo bolezen malarijo, da upoštevajo zaščitne preventivne ukrepe pred piki komarjev. Skoraj polovica potnikov ne uživa antimalarikov. S pogostostjo potovanj na malarična območja pomemben delež potnikov opusti jemanje antimalarikov. Večina potnikov je med potovanjem v skrbeh zaradi okužbe z malarijo, sami pa za svoje zdravje premalo naredijo. Le polovica potnikov pred potovanjem obišče ambulanto za potnike. Kot glavni razlog, da ne obiščejo ambulante, navajajo, da niso vedeli za obstoj take ambulante. Sklep: Glede na rezultate raziskave lahko zaključimo, da je potrebno večje prizadevanje zdravstvenih delavcev za boljše informiranje in zdravstveno vzgojo potnikov, ki potujejo na malarična območja. Potrebno bi bilo najti rešitve za bolj kakovostno in celostno obravnavo takih potnikov. Potnikom moramo približati miselnost, da se bodo ustrezno zaščitili pred piki komarjev. Zagotoviti moramo prepoznavnost specializiranih ambulant za potnike, v katerih mora potekati preventivno-zdravstvena obravnava visoke kakovosti. Malaria stands out as one of the biggest medical problems in the world. Each year, there are seven thousand malaria cases registered in Europe. The number of registered cases in the Slovenia is rather low. In the ten years period, between 2001 and 2011, there were 66 cases of malaria registered. The resistance of parasites towards anti malaria drugs is growing rapidly and therefore, it is a big problem for malaria prevention and treatment. The disease is prevented by protecting our selves from mosquito bites and by taking appropriate medicaments. Therefore, it is extremely important that the travellers get detailed, clearly understandable information based on current recommendations. They must also be fully aware of keeping a good medical condition while travelling, which mainly depend on themselves. The purpose of this Master’s degree is to describe malaria from public health point of view. From the fact that more and more people are travelling to endemic regions, it is important that travellers are properly protected against mosquito bites and that are advised regarding chemoprophylaxis. By doing that, the risk of infection is significantly reduced. The specialized travel clinics will be introduced as one of the important factors in protecting traveller’s health. Research methodology: The descriptive epidemiology method was used. The opinion pool structural questionnaire has been send by e-mail to the users of different web pages for travelers. Total of 500 travellers that have been travelling to malaria endemic regions, took part in the research. Microsoft Excel 2007, SPSS 19 and statistics portion test were used in determining the data. Results: We determined that travellers are aware of malaria and they consider protective measures against mosquito bites. We found that travelers were familiar with malaria and take into account the safety precautions against mosquito bites. Almost half of the passengers do not use antimalarics. A certain proportion of passengers withdraw from antimalarics after frequent visits of endemic regions. Majority of passengers are concerned about their health during the travel, nevertheless they don’t do enough themselves. Prior to travel only half of the passengers visit travel clinic. The main reason not to visit the clinic is that they are not aware of existence of such clinics. Conclusion: We can conclude, that travel clinics should provide health education of good quality for travelers going to the endemic regions. In addition, we have to search for solutions, which will improve the quality level and integrate health promotion and prevention. We have to take in consideration the manner of travelers' thinking about mosquito bites protection and give the travellers comprehensive and understandable information. When we talk about the existence of specialized travel clinics, the main role should and must be high quality health promotion with special regards to malaria chemoprophilaxis and other communicable diseases prevention with vaccination.