PRAVICA OTROKA DO IZOBRAZBE - Orešek, Tjaša (T. Orešek, 2012)
V diplomskem delu sem predstavila otrokovo pravico do izobrazbe. Pravica otrok do izobrazbe je ena izmed temeljnih otrokovih in človekovih pravic, zato se tudi na mednarodni ravni različne organizacije trudijo, da bi to pravico zagotovile čim večjemu številu otrok. Za lažje razumevanje tega pojma je v prvem poglavju predstavljeno, kdo je otrok, pravni položaj otroka, pomen pojma izobraževanja in pojem pravice ter pravice do izobrazbe in pravice otrok do izobrazbe. Otrokom je namenjeno posebno varstvo in skrb, zato jim pripadajo tudi posebne pravice, ki so opredeljene v Konvencij ZN o otrokovih pravicah, Evropski konvenciji o uresničevanju otrokovih pravic in drugih aktih. V Sloveniji je temeljni in najpomembnejši vir Ustava RS, ki v svojem 57. členu ureja pravico do izobrazbe in šolanja. Države, ki spoštujejo človekove pravice, morejo zagotoviti pogoje za izobrazbo svojim državljanom, zato so dolžne ustanavljati šole. V Sloveniji poznamo štiri oblike šol. Najpomembnejša in najpogostejša je javna šola, tej sledi zasebna šola s koncesijo. Dve nekoliko manj znani obliki pa sta: zasebna šola brez koncesije, ki lahko izdaja veljavna spričevala, in zasebna šola, ki ne izvaja javno veljavnih programov. Skozi zgodovino so bile manjšine velikokrat prikrajšane in neenakopravne glede pravice otrok do izobrazbe, zato je v diplomskem delu predstavljena, pravica do izobraževanja tujih državljanov in oseb brez državljanstva, izobraževanje romskih otrok, izobraževanje italijanske in madžarske manjšine ter izobraževanje otrok s posebnimi potrebami. V nekaterih primerih otrokove pravice uveljavljajo starši, v drugih pa otroci sami. Država poseže na področje izobraževanja s tem, da uvede osnovnošolsko obveznost. Ta stopnja izobraževanja je obvezna za vse otroke ne glede na njihovo voljo oziroma ne glede na voljo njihovih staršev. Problem pa lahko nastane, ko starši ne želijo klub želji otroka, da po končanem obveznem šolanju, šolanje nadaljuje. Pomembno je, da nas pri reševanju sporov vodi načelo v korist otroka, čeprav je v nekaterih primerih težko presoditi kaj je v konkretnem premeru otroku najbolj v korist. This graduate thesis analyzes the children’s right to education, one of the fundamental children’s and human rights the access to which is often times provided by many international organizations. For easier understanding, in the first chapter I explain who a child is and define their legal status, the meaning of education, and also define the concepts of a right, right to education and children’s right to education. Children are entitled to special protection and care defined in The Convention on the Rights of the Child, European Convention on the Exercise of Children’s Rights and several other instruments. In Slovenia, the fundamental and most important law is the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia which defines the right to education and schooling in article 57. Countries which respect human rights must ensure that children receive education, therefore they are obligated to establish schools. In Slovenia, we know four types of schools, the most important and most common being the public school, followed by a private school with concession. Two lesser known types of schools are private school without concession which can issue valid certificates and private school which does not provide publicly valid programs. Throughout the history minorities were in an unequal position and deprived of their right to education. In my thesis I present the right to education for foreign citizens and persons without a citizenship, education of the Roma children, education of the Italian and Hungarian minorities and education of children with special needs. The right to education is claimed by the parents or children themselves. The state intervenes only to the degree of establishing compulsory elementary school education. Elementary schooling is mandatory for all children no matter their or their parents’ will. However, a problem can appear when, despite the child’s wishes, parents refuse for the child to continue with schooling after finishing the obligatory elementary education. It is important to always keep in mind the child’s benefits when trying to settle a dispute, even though it is sometimes hard to determine what is more beneficial for the child.