Preprečevanje padcev pri starostnikih

• Main Author: Kovačević, Rialda
• Other Authors: Pišlar, Milena
• Format: Bachelor Thesis
• Language: Slovenian
• Published: R. Kovačević 2012
• Subjects: starostnik; varnost; padci; zdravstvena nega; elderly; safety; falls; nursing care; info:eu-repo/classification/udc/613.98; sami
• Online Access: https://dk.um.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=35003; https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?id=45847&dn=; https://plus.si.cobiss.net/opac7/bib/1816996?lang=sl

Med možnimi nezgodami, ki starejše najbolj ogrožajo, so padci, in njihova pogostost se s starostjo le še povečuje. Poleg tega prvi padec močno poveča tveganje za ponovne, zato je pomembno, da se prepreči že ta sam in s tem tudi ostali. V teoretičnem delu smo predstavili pogostost, vzroke in posledice padcev pri starostnikih, preventivne ukrepe za preprečevanje in zmanjševanje padcev pri starostnikih. Predstavili smo tudi pomen telesne vadbe za krepitev ravnotežja in druge načine za preprečevanje padcev ter vlogo medicinske sestre pri preprečevanju padcev starostnikov. V empiričnem delu smo predstavili rezultate raziskave, ki smo jo izvedli v dveh domovih. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 38 članov negovalnega tima. Kot instrument raziskave smo uporabili anketni vprašalnik, ki je vseboval 26 vprašanj, zaprtega in polodprtega tipa. Ugotoviti smo želeli katere preventivne ukrepe izvajajo člani negovalnega tima za preprečevanje padcev pri starostnikih in v kolikšni meri starostniki sami, s svojim vedenjem pripomorejo k zmanjšanju padcev. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da negovalni tim namenja dovolj pozornosti k osveščanju starostnikov o preventivi pred padci na različne načine in sicer največ s splošnim osveščanjem, z nudenjem pomoči pri premeščanju iz postelje na voziček in obratno, s svetovanjem pri ustrezni obutvi. Tiste, ki so podvrženi visokemu pritisku in vrtoglavicam nadzorujejo. Najpogostejši vzroki, ki privedejo do padcev so, da starostniki ne upoštevajo danih nasvetov, so neprevidni in neustrezno obuti. Kar 80 odstotkov anketiranih je mnenja, da sta starostnikova želja po samostojnosti in neodvisnosti eden pogostejših vzrokov padcev. Kljub temu, da namenjajo veliko pozornosti v dobro komunikacijo s starostniki, imajo z večino izmed njih težave, saj se starostniki težko sprijaznijo z odvisnostjo od pomoči. Več kot polovica anketiranih je mnenja, da starostniki poznajo pripomočke za lažje gibanje, a jih ne uporabljajo dovolj. Rezultati so tudi pokazali, da člani znotraj tima rešujejo problematiko padcev aktivno in kontinuirano, vendar še vedno prihaja do padcev zaradi nesodelovanja večine starostnikov. Among the possible accidents which older people most at risk, with falls and their frequency with age only increases. In addition, the first drop significantly increase the risk of falling again, so it is important to prevent already himself and therefore other. The theoretical part presents the frequency, causes and consequences of falls in the elderly, preventive measures to prevent and reduce falls in the elderly. We have also presented the importance of exercise to strengthen the balance and other ways to prevent falls and the role of nurses in the prevention of falls older people. In empirical work, we present the results of research conducted in two homes for the elderly. The study included 38 members of nursing team. Such as research instrument, we used a questionnaire, which contained 26 questions, closed and semi-open type. We wanted to determine what preventive measures undertaken by members the nursing team to prevent falls in the elderly and to what extent the older people themselves, with their behavior help to reduce falls. The results showed that the nursing team devoted to enough attention to raise awareness of older people about prevention of falls in different ways and with a maximum of a general awareness, by providing assistance in moving from bed to wheelchair and reverse, providing advice on appropriate footwear, and those subject to high controlled pressure and dizziness. As the most common causes that lead to falls that older people do not take account of advice are careless and inappropriate wear. 80 percent believes that older people have a desire for autonomy and independence, and that is one of the most common causes of falls. Although it received considerable attention in good communication with the elderly, they have problems with most of them are hard to reconcile themselves to dependence on help. More than half of respondents believe that older people know the devices for easier movement, but do not use them enough. The results also showed that members within the team address the issue of active and continuous falls, but still comes to the falls because of cooperation from most of older people.