SOCIOLOŠKI VIDIKI KAZNOVANJA OTROK - Rus, Nataša (N. Rus, 2012)
Kazen in kaznovanje spremljata človeka že skozi vso zgodovino. Že od nekdaj so za posameznike veljala določena pravila. Če so ta bila kršena, je posameznika doletela kazen. Skozi zgodovino se je teža kazni spreminjala, prav tako pa tudi pogledi na kaznovanje. V sodobnem času se, pogosteje kot kdaj koli prej, znajdemo v dilemi, kako reagirati v danih situacijah, kdaj reagirati in na kakšen način se odzvati na probleme, ki se pogosto pojavljajo pri vzgoji otrok. Starši se veliko krat zavedajo, da je kaznovanje nehumano in da ne deluje, a velikokrat ne poznajo druge poti. Ne zavedajo se, da s kaznijo zlomijo otrokovo voljo. V teoretičnem delu diplomske naloge smo podrobneje obravnavali tri temeljne pojme: kaznovanje otrok, discipliniranje in postavljanje mej v vzgoji. Najprej smo predstavili različne poglede na kaznovanje, se dotaknili kaznovanja otrok skozi zgodovino in se vprašali, ali je otroka treba kaznovati, kdaj naj bo kaznovan in kakšne kazni naj uporabljajo, da se bo razvil v odgovornega in zadovoljnega odraslega. Poslanstvo staršev je, da otroka brezpogojno ljubijo in vzgajajo. Vzgoja otrok pa med drugim pomeni, da otroka navajamo tudi na disciplino, kajti, kdor je discipliniran, se lažje vključuje v družbo, razvije bogatejše čustveno življenje in zna nadzirati svoje obnašanje. Starši, učitelji, vzgojitelji morajo ob tem otroku dajati zgled in mu postavljati meje. Otroku mora biti jasno, kaj je prav in kaj ne. Ob jasno postavljenih mejah se bo počutil varnejšega. S postavljanjem jasnih mej vzgajamo otroke za varno življenje. V empiričnem delu smo predstavili rezultate ankete, ki smo jo izvedli s starši učencev 1. triletja. Cilj raziskave je bil ugotoviti, kako, koliko, na kakšen način so bili kaznovani sami, kako kaznujejo svoje otroke in kaj menijo o kaznovanju. Rezultati raziskave kažejo, da so starši v svojem otroštvu bili kaznovani, tudi fizično. Večina je spremenila vzorce in fizičnega kaznovanja ne prenaša na svoje otroke. Večina staršev se zaveda, da njihovi otroci za zdrav razvoj potrebujejo meje, le bolj odločni in dosledni bi morali biti. Throughout the history punishing and punishment have been a part of human life. There have always been rules that individuals have had to obey disobeying resulted in punishment. The weight of the punishment and the attitude to punishment has changed with time. Nowadays, more than ever before, we find ourselves in the dilemma, how to react in given situations, when to react and how to respond to problems that usually occur while raising children. Parents are often aware that punishing children is inhumane and that it does not work, however, they do not know what else to do. They often do not realize that with punishment the child's will is broken. In the theoretical part of this diploma thesis three basic notions are dealt with in detail punishing children, disciplining and setting limits in raising children. First we present different approaches to punishment, mention the punishment of children through the history and ask ourselves whether a child should be punished at all, when they should be punished, and what punishment should be used to help the child develop into a responsible and satisfied adult. Parents' mission in life is to unconditionally love and raise their child. Raising children among others means to accustom them to discipline disciplined people can easier find their place in society, they develop a richer emotional life and are able to control their own behaviour. Parents, teachers and educators have to be role models and have to set limits. The child must know exactly what is right and what is wrong. Such limits make the child feel safer. By setting obvious and clear limits we educate the child for a safe life. The empiric part contains the results of a poll, conducted with parents of the children in the first trimester. Our aim was to find out, how, how much, and in what way they themselves were punished, how they punish their children and what is their opinion on punishing. The results showed that in their childhood parents were punished, also physically. The majority changed the punishment patterns and do not transfer physical punishment to their children. They are aware that for a healthy development their children need limits, however they are also aware that they themselves should be more decisive and consistent.