INDIKATORJI FINANČNE STABILNOSTI IN NJIHOVA UPORABA NA PRIMERU ISLANDIJE - Kranjc, Matej (M. Kranjc, 2010)
V prvem delu je predstavljen finančni sistem in ogrodje delovanja finančne stabilnosti, ki je za nemoteno delovanje finančnega sistema ključnega pomena. Kot se je pokazalo v hipotekarni krizi, finančna (ne)stabilnost posledično vpliva tudi na gospodarski sektor. Univerzalna definicija finančne stabilnosti ne obstaja. Več raziskovalcev je podalo svojo teorijo o definiciji. Nekateri jo celo definirajo z vidika njenega nasprotja, finančne nesta-bilnosti. Na splošno lahko pojmujemo finančno stabilnost kot učinkovito razporejanje finančnih sredstev in učinkovito upravljanje s tveganji. Kot odgovor krize v azijskih in nekaterih ostalih državah v 80. in 90. letih prejšnjega stole-tja, so domače in tuje institucije začele spremljati trdnost finančnega sistema bolj intenziv-no. Za pregledovanje finančnega sistema se uporablja širok spekter instrumentov in analiti-čnega delovanja. To zajema analizo količine indikatorjev finančnega sistema in stabilnosti, vključno s testiranjem napora. Ti indikatorji se zavzemajo za rešitev prikaza finančne sta-bilnosti kot sistematičen fenomen in zato se to ne nanaša samo na finančne institucije in trge ampak tudi na realni in državni sektor, ki nastopata kot glavna dolžnika finančnih institucij ter prav tako finančne infrastrukture. Po dolgem obdobju neravnovesne rasti, je islandsko gospodarstvo vstopilo v globoko rece-sijo. Gospodarstvo bi se naj krčilo vse do konca leta 2010 in tako bo tudi nezaposlenost rasla v naslednjih dveh letih. Po veliki depreciaciji valute, bo predvideno tudi inflacija bolj narasla. Zaradi prezadolženosti treh največjih bank v Islandiji, je MDS odobril državi sred-stva v višini 2,1 mio $, saj je država prevzela vodstveno krmilo v teh bankah in začela jamčiti za njihovo premoženje. Največji oškodovanci islandskega bančništva so prebivalci skandinavskih držav in Velike Britanije. Depozite so ob državnem prevzemu bank zamrz-nili. The first part presents the financial system and the functioning of financial stability framework, which is crucial for smooth functioning of the financial system. As it was or is seen in the mortgage crisis, financial (in)stability, consequently, also affect the economic sector. A universal definition of financial stability does not exist. Several researchers have provided their theory of definition. Some even define it in terms of its opposite, financial instability. In general, financial stability can be considered as an efficient allocation of fi-nancial resources and effective management of risks. In response to the crisis in some Asian and other countries in the 80s and 90s of the last century, national and international institutions had to monitor the soundness of the finan-cial system more intensively. A wide range of instruments and analytical activity is used for examining the financial system stability. This includes analyzing the quantity indicators and financial system stability, including the testing effort. These indicators are committed to resolve the representation of financial stability as a systematic phenomenon, and therefore this applies not only to financial institutions and markets but also the real and the gov-ernment sector, acting as principal debtor of financial institutions as well as financial infra-structure. After a long period of uneven growth, the Icelandic economy has entered a deep recession. The economy is going to shrink until the end of 2010 and so will unemployment rise in the next two years. After a large depreciation of the currency, inflation is going to rise. Due to over-indebtedness of the three largest banks in Iceland, the IMF approved the country funds in the amount of $ 2.1 million since the state took over the managerial helm in these banks and began to undertake their property. The biggest victims of Icelandic banking are Nordic and British residents. Deposits in banks were after the state takeover frozen up.