Effect of water distribution system on drinking water quality in First Nations communities in Manitoba, Canada
Approximately 50% of the homes on First Nation reserves in Manitoba, Canada, receive piped water from water treatment plants (WTP). Of the remaining homes, 31% are equipped with cisterns filled by a water truck. The overall objective of this thesis research was to compare the quality of tap water in...
Main Author: | |
---|---|
Other Authors: | , , , |
Format: | Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
Language: | English |
Published: |
2022
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1993/36266 |
id |
ftunivmanitoba:oai:mspace.lib.umanitoba.ca:1993/36266 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftunivmanitoba:oai:mspace.lib.umanitoba.ca:1993/36266 2023-06-18T03:40:38+02:00 Effect of water distribution system on drinking water quality in First Nations communities in Manitoba, Canada Eragoda Arachchilage, Geethani Zvomuya, Francis (Soil Science) Farenhorst, Annemieke (Soil Science) Tenuta, Mario (Soil Science) Tomy, Gregg (Chemistry) Bharadwaj, Lalita (School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan) 2022-01-19T20:02:17Z application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/1993/36266 eng eng Amarawansha, G. E. A., Zvomuya, F., & Farenhorst, A. (2021). Water delivery system effects on coliform bacteria in tap water in First Nations reserves in Manitoba, Canada. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 193(6), 1-16. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/36266 open access Drinking water Cisterns Piped water Chlorine Escherichia coli Total trihalomethanes Chlorine decay doctoral thesis 2022 ftunivmanitoba 2023-06-04T17:39:29Z Approximately 50% of the homes on First Nation reserves in Manitoba, Canada, receive piped water from water treatment plants (WTP). Of the remaining homes, 31% are equipped with cisterns filled by a water truck. The overall objective of this thesis research was to compare the quality of tap water in homes with piped water versus those with cisterns. The study was in collaboration with three First Nations communities in Manitoba. Each community was predominantly equipped with belowground concrete cisterns, belowground fibreglass cisterns, or aboveground polyethylene cisterns stored in insulated shelters. Free residual chlorine concentration was significantly lower in water samples from homes with cisterns than piped water. The frequency and severity of Escherichia coli and total coliform contamination were significantly greater in drinking water from belowground concrete and fibreglass cisterns than in piped water samples in each community. The contamination of belowground cisterns by coliform bacteria was greatest in late spring. Data obtained under the Access to Information Act for 2014 and 2018 showed no clear evidence of improved water quality in any of the Tribal Councils linked to the three communities. Field and laboratory chlorine disappearance studies indicated a greater contribution of concrete cistern walls than bulk water to the disappearance, hence lowering free residual chlorine concentration in belowground cisterns. Treated water from the WTP in two of the First Nations communities frequently exceeded the Health Canada guideline of 100 µg L-1 total trihalomethanes (TTHMs), as did 75% of piped water samples and 70% of cistern water samples. Although the water distribution system had no significant effect on TTHM concentration, sampling month significantly affected due to temporal changes in source water dissolved organic carbon content. Dissolved organic carbon removal before further water treatment might be an important process in effectively reducing TTHMs formation, and thereby decreasing the ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis First Nations MSpace at the University of Manitoba Canada |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MSpace at the University of Manitoba |
op_collection_id |
ftunivmanitoba |
language |
English |
topic |
Drinking water Cisterns Piped water Chlorine Escherichia coli Total trihalomethanes Chlorine decay |
spellingShingle |
Drinking water Cisterns Piped water Chlorine Escherichia coli Total trihalomethanes Chlorine decay Eragoda Arachchilage, Geethani Effect of water distribution system on drinking water quality in First Nations communities in Manitoba, Canada |
topic_facet |
Drinking water Cisterns Piped water Chlorine Escherichia coli Total trihalomethanes Chlorine decay |
description |
Approximately 50% of the homes on First Nation reserves in Manitoba, Canada, receive piped water from water treatment plants (WTP). Of the remaining homes, 31% are equipped with cisterns filled by a water truck. The overall objective of this thesis research was to compare the quality of tap water in homes with piped water versus those with cisterns. The study was in collaboration with three First Nations communities in Manitoba. Each community was predominantly equipped with belowground concrete cisterns, belowground fibreglass cisterns, or aboveground polyethylene cisterns stored in insulated shelters. Free residual chlorine concentration was significantly lower in water samples from homes with cisterns than piped water. The frequency and severity of Escherichia coli and total coliform contamination were significantly greater in drinking water from belowground concrete and fibreglass cisterns than in piped water samples in each community. The contamination of belowground cisterns by coliform bacteria was greatest in late spring. Data obtained under the Access to Information Act for 2014 and 2018 showed no clear evidence of improved water quality in any of the Tribal Councils linked to the three communities. Field and laboratory chlorine disappearance studies indicated a greater contribution of concrete cistern walls than bulk water to the disappearance, hence lowering free residual chlorine concentration in belowground cisterns. Treated water from the WTP in two of the First Nations communities frequently exceeded the Health Canada guideline of 100 µg L-1 total trihalomethanes (TTHMs), as did 75% of piped water samples and 70% of cistern water samples. Although the water distribution system had no significant effect on TTHM concentration, sampling month significantly affected due to temporal changes in source water dissolved organic carbon content. Dissolved organic carbon removal before further water treatment might be an important process in effectively reducing TTHMs formation, and thereby decreasing the ... |
author2 |
Zvomuya, Francis (Soil Science) Farenhorst, Annemieke (Soil Science) Tenuta, Mario (Soil Science) Tomy, Gregg (Chemistry) Bharadwaj, Lalita (School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan) |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Eragoda Arachchilage, Geethani |
author_facet |
Eragoda Arachchilage, Geethani |
author_sort |
Eragoda Arachchilage, Geethani |
title |
Effect of water distribution system on drinking water quality in First Nations communities in Manitoba, Canada |
title_short |
Effect of water distribution system on drinking water quality in First Nations communities in Manitoba, Canada |
title_full |
Effect of water distribution system on drinking water quality in First Nations communities in Manitoba, Canada |
title_fullStr |
Effect of water distribution system on drinking water quality in First Nations communities in Manitoba, Canada |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effect of water distribution system on drinking water quality in First Nations communities in Manitoba, Canada |
title_sort |
effect of water distribution system on drinking water quality in first nations communities in manitoba, canada |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1993/36266 |
geographic |
Canada |
geographic_facet |
Canada |
genre |
First Nations |
genre_facet |
First Nations |
op_relation |
Amarawansha, G. E. A., Zvomuya, F., & Farenhorst, A. (2021). Water delivery system effects on coliform bacteria in tap water in First Nations reserves in Manitoba, Canada. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 193(6), 1-16. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/36266 |
op_rights |
open access |
_version_ |
1769005825746010112 |