The biotic and abiotic interactions influencing organochlorine contaminants in temporal trends (1992-2003) of three Yukon lakes: focus on Lake Laberge

• Main Author: Ryan, Michael J.
• Other Authors: Stern, Gary A. (Soil Science, Environmental Studies), Goldsborough, Gordon (Botany) Kidd, Karen (Zoology) Hickie, Brendan (Trent University) Amiro, Brian (Soil Science)
• Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: 2007
• Subjects: ecotoxicology; organochlorines; fish; food web; temporal trend; climate; Yukon Territory; sub-Arctic; plankton; sediment; Arctic; Lake Laberge; Yukon; Burbot; Northern pike; Phytoplankton; Zooplankton
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/227

Periodic monitoring of contaminant levels in fish from the Yukon Territory indicated that organochlorine (OC) contaminants had rapidly declined since the early 1990s. This study examined OC concentrations, including chlordane (sigma-CHL), sigma-DDT, hexachlorocyclohexane (sigma-HCH), toxaphene (sigma-CHB), sigma-PCB and chlorinated benzenes (sigma-CBz) in sentinel fish (species of consistent annual observation and collection) from two Yukon lakes (Kusawa, Quiet), and from the aquatic food web of a focus lake (Lake Laberge) across several temporal points between 1993 and 2003. OC analysis and phytoplankton counts from dated sediment cores as well as climate data were also collected. Population, morphological (length, weight, age), biochemical (lipid content, delta-13C, delta-15N) and OC contaminant data for fish and invertebrates (zooplankton, snails, clams) were reviewed to elucidate the primary causes for these OC declines. Although some spatial differences in contaminant levels exist between the Yukon lakes, OC concentrations were declining for lake trout in all three lakes, with declines also noted for burbot from Lake Laberge. Several other fish species as well as zooplankton from Lake Laberge exhibited decreases in contaminant levels except northern pike, which registered consistently higher levels from 1993 to 2001. There was no evidence to support the hypotheses of changes in fish trophic levels or food sources with the exception of burbot, which marginally decreased, and northern pike, which climbed a half trophic level. Through OC flux analysis in dated sediments, the hypothesis that declines in abiotic deposition affected the contaminant levels in the food web was also negated. The closure of the Lake Laberge commercial fishery resulted in faster fish growth and larger fish populations, which are contributing to biomass dilution of OC concentrations, higher OC biomagnification factors for some species and likely changes in predator-prey interactions as resource competition increases. The large ratio of ...