Near Field Dynamic, Co-seismic and Post-seismic Deformations Associated with the 2013, M7.8, and 2003, M7.6, South Scotia Ridge Earthquakes Observed with GPS

• Main Authors: Smalley, Robert Jr, Bevis, Mike G, Zakrajsek, A F, Teferle, Felix Norman, Dalziel, I W D, Lawver, L A, Larter, R D
• Format: Conference Object
• Language: English
• Published: 2014
• Subjects: Global Positioning System; South Scotia Ridge; Earthquakes; Physical; chemical; mathematical & earth Sciences; Earth sciences & physical geography; Physique; chimie; mathématiques & sciences de la terre; Sciences de la terre & géographie physique; Antarctic; The Antarctic; Weddell Sea; Weddell; Laurie; Powell Basin; Laurie Island; Antarc*; Antarctica
• Online Access: https://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/18670; https://orbilu.uni.lu/bitstream/10993/18670/1/scarposter%20v3.pdf

The South Scotia Ridge (SSR) left-lateral transform/strike-slip (S-S) fault defines the Scotia plate’s (SP) southern boundary separating it from the Powell Basin (PB), South Orkney Microcontinent (SOM), and the Weddell Sea sections of the Antarctic plate (AP). The SP developed as a space filling accommodation zone for S. America-Antarctica relative motions, mostly during the last 40 m.y. The SSR also hosts several restraining and releasing bends. The SP, PB and SOM have complex evolution histories including large-scale displacement and stretching of the SOM, as well as other continental fragments within the SP, all of which were incorporated into a background of changing sea floor spreading geometries. The SOM defines an ~300 km segment of the SSR opposite a section of the SP that is primarily oceanic crust with a few small, stretched continental fragments. Two large earthquakes, M7.6 and 7.8, with aftershock zones largely confined to the northern SOM boundary, occurred on the SSR in 2003 and 2013. Moment tensor solutions show they occurred on faults dipping ~30 and 45° to the south. The 2013 event was almost pure, left-lateral strike-slip, while the 2003 event was oblique but predominantly strike-slip. This is an unusual combination of fault dip and slip direction for a strike-slip plate boundary. The half duration of both events is also relatively long. A continuous GPS (CGPS) station on Laurie Island is located immediately west of the rupture zone of the 2003 event and at the approximate center, and close to the surface projection, of the finite fault models for the 2013 earthquake. We present co-seismic static offsets and post-seismic transients for both earthquakes from GPS daily position estimates. In addition, the CGPS station now records at 1 Hz and we present the GPS displacement seismogram for the 2013 event. This record contains a complex signal that includes the passage of the Love and Rayleigh surface waves, with max displacements of ~70 cm, over an ~80 second time interval during which a ~50 cm ...