Temperature and strain controls on ice deformation mechanisms: insights from the microstructures of samples deformed to progressively higher strains at −10, −20 and −30 °C

<jats:p>Abstract. In order to better understand ice deformation mechanisms, we document the microstructural evolution of ice with increasing strain. We include data from experiments at relatively low temperatures (−20 and −30 ∘C), where the microstructural evolution with axial strain has never...

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Published in:The Cryosphere
Main Authors: Fan, Sheng, Hager, Travis F, Prior, David J, Cross, Andrew J, Goldsby, David L, Qi, Chao, Negrini, Marianne, Wheeler, John
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Copernicus GmbH 2020
Subjects:
Online Access:http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3108743/
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3875-2020
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spelling ftunivliverpool:oai:livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk:3108743 2023-05-15T18:32:34+02:00 Temperature and strain controls on ice deformation mechanisms: insights from the microstructures of samples deformed to progressively higher strains at −10, −20 and −30 °C Fan, Sheng Hager, Travis F Prior, David J Cross, Andrew J Goldsby, David L Qi, Chao Negrini, Marianne Wheeler, John 2020 http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3108743/ https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3875-2020 en eng Copernicus GmbH Fan, Sheng, Hager, Travis F, Prior, David J, Cross, Andrew J, Goldsby, David L, Qi, Chao, Negrini, Marianne and Wheeler, John orcid:0000-0002-7576-4465 (2020) Temperature and strain controls on ice deformation mechanisms: insights from the microstructures of samples deformed to progressively higher strains at −10, −20 and −30 °C. The Cryosphere, 14 (11). pp. 3875-3905. Article NonPeerReviewed 2020 ftunivliverpool https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3875-2020 2023-01-19T23:59:32Z <jats:p>Abstract. In order to better understand ice deformation mechanisms, we document the microstructural evolution of ice with increasing strain. We include data from experiments at relatively low temperatures (−20 and −30 ∘C), where the microstructural evolution with axial strain has never before been documented. Polycrystalline pure water ice was deformed under a constant displacement rate (strain rate ∼1.0×10-5 s−1) to progressively higher strains (∼ 3 %, 5 %, 8 %, 12 % and 20 %) at temperatures of −10, −20 and −30 ∘C. Microstructural data were generated from cryogenic electron backscattered diffraction (cryo-EBSD) analyses. All deformed samples contain subgrain (low-angle misorientations) structures with misorientation axes that lie dominantly in the basal plane, suggesting the activity of dislocation creep (glide primarily on the basal plane), recovery and subgrain rotation. Grain boundaries are lobate in all experiments, suggesting the operation of strain-induced grain boundary migration (GBM). Deformed ice samples are characterized by interlocking big and small grains and are, on average, finer grained than undeformed samples. Misorientation analyses between nearby grains in 2-D EBSD maps are consistent with some 2-D grains being different limbs of the same irregular grain in the 3-D volume. The proportion of repeated (i.e. interconnected) grains is greater in the higher-temperature experiments suggesting that grains have more irregular shapes, probably because GBM is more widespread at higher temperatures. The number of grains per unit area (accounting for multiple occurrences of the same 3-D grain) is higher in deformed samples than undeformed samples, and it increases with strain, suggesting that nucleation is involved in recrystallization. “Core-and-mantle” structures (rings of small grains surrounding big grains) occur in −20 and −30 ∘C experiments, suggesting that subgrain rotation recrystallization is active. At temperatures warmer than −20 ∘C, c axes develop a crystallographic preferred ... Article in Journal/Newspaper The Cryosphere The University of Liverpool Repository The Cryosphere 14 11 3875 3905
institution Open Polar
collection The University of Liverpool Repository
op_collection_id ftunivliverpool
language English
description <jats:p>Abstract. In order to better understand ice deformation mechanisms, we document the microstructural evolution of ice with increasing strain. We include data from experiments at relatively low temperatures (−20 and −30 ∘C), where the microstructural evolution with axial strain has never before been documented. Polycrystalline pure water ice was deformed under a constant displacement rate (strain rate ∼1.0×10-5 s−1) to progressively higher strains (∼ 3 %, 5 %, 8 %, 12 % and 20 %) at temperatures of −10, −20 and −30 ∘C. Microstructural data were generated from cryogenic electron backscattered diffraction (cryo-EBSD) analyses. All deformed samples contain subgrain (low-angle misorientations) structures with misorientation axes that lie dominantly in the basal plane, suggesting the activity of dislocation creep (glide primarily on the basal plane), recovery and subgrain rotation. Grain boundaries are lobate in all experiments, suggesting the operation of strain-induced grain boundary migration (GBM). Deformed ice samples are characterized by interlocking big and small grains and are, on average, finer grained than undeformed samples. Misorientation analyses between nearby grains in 2-D EBSD maps are consistent with some 2-D grains being different limbs of the same irregular grain in the 3-D volume. The proportion of repeated (i.e. interconnected) grains is greater in the higher-temperature experiments suggesting that grains have more irregular shapes, probably because GBM is more widespread at higher temperatures. The number of grains per unit area (accounting for multiple occurrences of the same 3-D grain) is higher in deformed samples than undeformed samples, and it increases with strain, suggesting that nucleation is involved in recrystallization. “Core-and-mantle” structures (rings of small grains surrounding big grains) occur in −20 and −30 ∘C experiments, suggesting that subgrain rotation recrystallization is active. At temperatures warmer than −20 ∘C, c axes develop a crystallographic preferred ...
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Fan, Sheng
Hager, Travis F
Prior, David J
Cross, Andrew J
Goldsby, David L
Qi, Chao
Negrini, Marianne
Wheeler, John
spellingShingle Fan, Sheng
Hager, Travis F
Prior, David J
Cross, Andrew J
Goldsby, David L
Qi, Chao
Negrini, Marianne
Wheeler, John
Temperature and strain controls on ice deformation mechanisms: insights from the microstructures of samples deformed to progressively higher strains at −10, −20 and −30 °C
author_facet Fan, Sheng
Hager, Travis F
Prior, David J
Cross, Andrew J
Goldsby, David L
Qi, Chao
Negrini, Marianne
Wheeler, John
author_sort Fan, Sheng
title Temperature and strain controls on ice deformation mechanisms: insights from the microstructures of samples deformed to progressively higher strains at −10, −20 and −30 °C
title_short Temperature and strain controls on ice deformation mechanisms: insights from the microstructures of samples deformed to progressively higher strains at −10, −20 and −30 °C
title_full Temperature and strain controls on ice deformation mechanisms: insights from the microstructures of samples deformed to progressively higher strains at −10, −20 and −30 °C
title_fullStr Temperature and strain controls on ice deformation mechanisms: insights from the microstructures of samples deformed to progressively higher strains at −10, −20 and −30 °C
title_full_unstemmed Temperature and strain controls on ice deformation mechanisms: insights from the microstructures of samples deformed to progressively higher strains at −10, −20 and −30 °C
title_sort temperature and strain controls on ice deformation mechanisms: insights from the microstructures of samples deformed to progressively higher strains at −10, −20 and −30 °c
publisher Copernicus GmbH
publishDate 2020
url http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3108743/
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3875-2020
genre The Cryosphere
genre_facet The Cryosphere
op_relation Fan, Sheng, Hager, Travis F, Prior, David J, Cross, Andrew J, Goldsby, David L, Qi, Chao, Negrini, Marianne and Wheeler, John orcid:0000-0002-7576-4465 (2020) Temperature and strain controls on ice deformation mechanisms: insights from the microstructures of samples deformed to progressively higher strains at −10, −20 and −30 °C. The Cryosphere, 14 (11). pp. 3875-3905.
op_doi https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3875-2020
container_title The Cryosphere
container_volume 14
container_issue 11
container_start_page 3875
op_container_end_page 3905
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