Influence of Surface and Atmospheric Thermodynamic Properties on the Cloud Radiative Forcing and Radiative Energy Budget in the Arctic
The Arctic climate has changed significantly in the last decades, experiencing a dramatic loss of sea ice and stronger than global warming. The Arctic surface temperature and the growth or melt of sea ice is determined by the local surface energy budget. In this context, clouds are of essential impo...
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| Format: | Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2021
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| Online Access: | https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa2-777567 https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A77756 https://ul.qucosa.de/api/qucosa%3A77756/attachment/ATT-0/ |
| Summary: | The Arctic climate has changed significantly in the last decades, experiencing a dramatic loss of sea ice and stronger than global warming. The Arctic surface temperature and the growth or melt of sea ice is determined by the local surface energy budget. In this context, clouds are of essential importance as they strongly interact with the radiative fluxes and modulate the surface energy budget depending on their properties, the surface types, and atmospheric thermodynamics. For the quantification of changes in the radiative energy budget (REB) associated with the presence or absence of clouds, the concept of cloud radiative forcing (CRF) is commonly used. This concept is defined as the differences between the REB in cloudy and cloud-free conditions, two atmospheric states which can not be observed at the same location and time. Consequently, either radiative transfer simulations or observations in both states have to be related, both of which complicate the derivation of CRF. A review of available studies and their approaches to derive the CRF reveals conceptual differences as well as deficiencies in the handling of radiative processes related to the surface albedo. These findings call into question the current state of CRF assessment in the Arctic based on the few available studies, but also their comparability. By combining atmospheric radiative transfer simulations with a snow albedo model, two processes that control the surface albedo during the transition from cloud-free to cloudy conditions and their role in the derivation of CRF are discussed. The broadband surface albedo of snow surfaces typically increases in the presence of clouds due to a spectral weighting of downward irradiance toward shorter wavelengths. For more absorbing surface types such as white ice and melt ponds, which are common in summer, there is a strong shift between the albedo of direct and diffuse illuminated surface, which diminishes the surface albedo depending on the cloud optical thickness and solar zenith angle. In this thesis, ... |
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