Molecular phylogeny of the spiny‐surfaced species of the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum with the description of P. thermophilum sp. nov. and P. criophilum sp. nov. (Prorocentrales, Dinophyceae)

• Published in: Journal of Phycology
• Main Authors: Gómez, Fernando, Gourvil, Priscillia, Li, Tangcheng, Huang, Yulin, Zhang, Huan, Courcot, Lucie, Artigas, Luis Felipe, Soler Onís, Emilio, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, Andrés, Lin, Senjie
• Other Authors: Carmen Campos Panisse, Station biologique de Roscoff = Roscoff Marine Station (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fédération de recherche de Roscoff (FR2424), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marine Biodiversity and Global Change Research Center and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Connecticut (UCONN), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD France-Nord ), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute (IMGW - PIB), ANR-20-CE02-0025,PHENOMAP,Combler la lacune phénotypique chez le phytoplancton océanique(2020)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2023
• Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences; Antarctic; Antarctic Ocean; Arctic; New Zealand; Ross Sea; The Antarctic; Antarc*; Antarctica
• Online Access: https://hal.science/hal-04017813; https://doi.org/10.1111/jpy.13298

International audience Spiny-surfaced species of Prorocentrum form harmful algal blooms, and its taxonomic identity is obscure due to the size and shape variability. Molecular phylogenies reveal two major clades: one for P. cordatum with sequences mainly retrieved as P. minimum, and the other for P. shikokuense with sequences also retrieved as P. dentatum and P. donghaiense. Several closely related clades still need to be characterized. Here, we provide nuclear SSU and LSU rRNA genes, and nuclear ITS region (ITS1-5.8S gene-ITS2) sequences of the strain CCMP3122 isolated from Florida (initially named P. donghaiense) and strains Prorocentrum sp. RCC6871–2 from the Ross Sea, Antarctica. We describe Prorocentrum thermophilum sp. nov. based on the strain CCMP3122, a species also distributed in the open waters of the Gulf of Mexico, New Zealand, and the Arabian Gulf; and Prorocentrum criophilum sp. nov. based on the strain RCC6872, which is distributed in the Antarctic Ocean and Arctic Sea. Prorocentrum thermophilum is roundish (~14 μm long, ~12 μm wide), with an inconspicuous anterior spine-like prolongation under light microscopy, valves with tiny, short knobs (5–7 per μm2), and several (<7) large trichocyst pores (~0.3 μm) in the right valve, as well as smaller pores (~0.15 μm). Prorocentrum criophilum is round in valve view (~11 μm long, 10 μm wide) and asymmetrically roundish in lateral view, the periflagellar area was not discernible under light microscopy, valves with very tiny, short knobs (6–10 per μm2), and at least 12 large pores in the right valve. Other potentially undescribed species of spiny-surfaced Prorocentrum are discussed.