Omega-3 fatty acids, polymorphisms and lipid related cardiovascular disease risk factors in the Inuit population

• Published in: Nutrition & Metabolism
• Main Authors: Abdous, Belkacem, Proust, Françoise, Rudkowska, Iwona, Hegele, Robert A., Ouellette, Catherine, Boiteau, Véronique, Julien, Pierre, Dewailly, Éric, Vohl, Marie-Claude, Dubé-Linteau, Ariane, Giguère, Yves, Chateau-Degat, Marie-Ludivine
• Format: Other/Unknown Material
• Language: English
• Published: BioMed Central Ltd. 2020
• Subjects: Nutrigenetics; n-3 PUFAs; Plasma lipids; Gene-nutrient interactions; Nutrigénomique; Acides gras oméga 3; Lipides plasmatiques; Cœur > Maladies > Facteurs de risque; Inuits > Santé et hygiène; Polymorphisme génétique; Nunavik; inuit; inuits
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40204; https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-10-26

Background : Tissue concentrations of fatty acids (FAs) and genetic variations are well-known factors which affect the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The objective was to examine whether the genetic variability of 20 candidate genes and red blood cells (RBCs) percentage of total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), a biomarker of dietary n-3 PUFA intake, modulate lipid related CVD risk factors in the Inuit population. Methods : Data from the Qanuippitaa Nunavik Health Survey (n = 553) were analysed via multivariate regression models with 40 known polymorphisms, RBCs percentage of n-3 PUFA, and the interaction term to take into account the effect on plasma lipid and apolipoporotein levels. Results : Individuals being heterozygotes for CETP C-4502T (rs183130) or G-971A (rs4783961) together with higher n-3 PUFA had lower triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations compared to homozygotes for the minor allele. Further, effects of a stronger beneficial association between n-3 PUFA in RBCs and plasma lipid parameters- including lower total cholesterol (TC), lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) or higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations- were associated with AGT M235T (rs699) TT genotype, CETP G-971A (rs4783961) AG genotype, T allele carriers of CETP C-4502T (rs183130), and T allele carriers of CETP Ile405Val (rs5882). In contrast, higher n-3 PUFA in RBCs were associated with adverse lipid profiles- including increased LDL-C, increased apolipoprotein B100 or decreased HDL-C concentrations- in G allele carriers of the APOA5 -3 A/G (rs651821), C allele carriers of APOA5 T-1131C (rs662799), G carriers of APOC3 SstI (rs5128) and G carriers of APOA4 Asn147Ser (rs5104). Conclusion : Overall, these results suggest that percentage of total n-3 PUFA of RBCs are associated with lipids related CVD risk factors conferred by genetic variations in the Inuit population.