Reconstruction of the seasonal cycle of air-sea CO2 fluxes in the Strait of Gibraltar
The present study reports and discusses water surface fCO2 measurements from 36 cruises in the Strait of Gibraltar made over an eleven-year period (1997 to 2009). Underway measurements of sea surface CO2 fugacity (fCO2sw), sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS) compiled during...
Published in: | Marine Chemistry |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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2011
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10553/49801 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2011.05.004 |
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ftunivlaspalmas:oai:accedacris.ulpgc.es:10553/49801 2023-05-15T17:36:02+02:00 Reconstruction of the seasonal cycle of air-sea CO2 fluxes in the Strait of Gibraltar de la Paz, Mercedes Huertas, Emma M. Padín, Xose Antonio Gónzalez-Dávila, Melchor Santana-Casiano, Magdalena Forja, Jesús M. Orbi, Abdellatif Pérez, Fiz F. Ríos, Aida F. Fernandez Perez, Fiz GONZALEZ DAVILA, MELCHOR SANTANA CASIANO, JUANA MAGDALENA HUERTAS, EMMA ORBI, ABDELLATIF de la Paz, Mercedes Forja Pajares, Jesus 22834170900 56313933300 16301932800 6603931257 6701344294 7003332206 55409027900 56598611300 7103240290 3147146 1136370 1587730 518149 579253 411610 2309784 145213 329342 2011 http://hdl.handle.net/10553/49801 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2011.05.004 eng eng Marine Carbon Sources And Sinks Assessment (Carboocean) Marine Chemistry 126 0304-4203 http://hdl.handle.net/10553/49801 doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2011.05.004 80051938054 000295195300016 1-4 B-9001-2011 K-4958-2014 K-5058-2014 A-9739-2010 No ID Marine Chemistry [ISSN 0304-4203], v. 126 (1-4), p. 155-162 251002 Oceanografía química Carbon dioxide Air–sea CO2 exchange Strait of Gibraltar Seasonal variability info:eu-repo/semantics/article Article 2011 ftunivlaspalmas https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2011.05.004 2020-04-28T23:08:19Z The present study reports and discusses water surface fCO2 measurements from 36 cruises in the Strait of Gibraltar made over an eleven-year period (1997 to 2009). Underway measurements of sea surface CO2 fugacity (fCO2sw), sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS) compiled during the cruises were analysed and integrated into a single database which provided the resolution/sensitivity required for an examination of the seasonal variability of the fCO2sw; these data allowed the reconstruction of the climatological seasonal cycle for the year 2005. The seasonal cycle of both SST and SSS was found to be within the range of the thermohaline signature of the North Atlantic Surface Water, which is the main water mass that flows into the Mediterranean Sea through the Strait of Gibraltar at the surface. The seasonal distribution of fCO22005 was characterised by a monthly minimum value of 334 ± 12 μatm in May, followed by a gradual increase to a maximum of 385 μatm during late summer, due to the warming of surface waters. The spatial variability of fCO2sw observed in the area also indicated that superimposed phenomena, occurring at scales other than seasonal, could affect the dissolved CO2 distribution. In particular, intense vertical mixing processes generated by internal waves in this region may have an impact on the surface fCO2sw on a tidal scale. Seasonal CO2 cycle dynamics indicated that the surface waters of the Strait of Gibraltar acted as an atmospheric CO2 source during summer and autumn and a CO2 sink during winter and spring. When these sink/source strengths are integrated on an annual basis, the Strait of Gibraltar was close to equilibrium with atmospheric CO2, resulting in a neutral atmosphere-ocean exchange (− 0.06 ± 0.12 mol C m− 2 yr− 1). 162 155 Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria: Acceda Marine Chemistry 126 1-4 155 162 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria: Acceda |
op_collection_id |
ftunivlaspalmas |
language |
English |
topic |
251002 Oceanografía química Carbon dioxide Air–sea CO2 exchange Strait of Gibraltar Seasonal variability |
spellingShingle |
251002 Oceanografía química Carbon dioxide Air–sea CO2 exchange Strait of Gibraltar Seasonal variability de la Paz, Mercedes Huertas, Emma M. Padín, Xose Antonio Gónzalez-Dávila, Melchor Santana-Casiano, Magdalena Forja, Jesús M. Orbi, Abdellatif Pérez, Fiz F. Ríos, Aida F. Reconstruction of the seasonal cycle of air-sea CO2 fluxes in the Strait of Gibraltar |
topic_facet |
251002 Oceanografía química Carbon dioxide Air–sea CO2 exchange Strait of Gibraltar Seasonal variability |
description |
The present study reports and discusses water surface fCO2 measurements from 36 cruises in the Strait of Gibraltar made over an eleven-year period (1997 to 2009). Underway measurements of sea surface CO2 fugacity (fCO2sw), sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS) compiled during the cruises were analysed and integrated into a single database which provided the resolution/sensitivity required for an examination of the seasonal variability of the fCO2sw; these data allowed the reconstruction of the climatological seasonal cycle for the year 2005. The seasonal cycle of both SST and SSS was found to be within the range of the thermohaline signature of the North Atlantic Surface Water, which is the main water mass that flows into the Mediterranean Sea through the Strait of Gibraltar at the surface. The seasonal distribution of fCO22005 was characterised by a monthly minimum value of 334 ± 12 μatm in May, followed by a gradual increase to a maximum of 385 μatm during late summer, due to the warming of surface waters. The spatial variability of fCO2sw observed in the area also indicated that superimposed phenomena, occurring at scales other than seasonal, could affect the dissolved CO2 distribution. In particular, intense vertical mixing processes generated by internal waves in this region may have an impact on the surface fCO2sw on a tidal scale. Seasonal CO2 cycle dynamics indicated that the surface waters of the Strait of Gibraltar acted as an atmospheric CO2 source during summer and autumn and a CO2 sink during winter and spring. When these sink/source strengths are integrated on an annual basis, the Strait of Gibraltar was close to equilibrium with atmospheric CO2, resulting in a neutral atmosphere-ocean exchange (− 0.06 ± 0.12 mol C m− 2 yr− 1). 162 155 |
author2 |
Fernandez Perez, Fiz GONZALEZ DAVILA, MELCHOR SANTANA CASIANO, JUANA MAGDALENA HUERTAS, EMMA ORBI, ABDELLATIF de la Paz, Mercedes Forja Pajares, Jesus 22834170900 56313933300 16301932800 6603931257 6701344294 7003332206 55409027900 56598611300 7103240290 3147146 1136370 1587730 518149 579253 411610 2309784 145213 329342 |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
de la Paz, Mercedes Huertas, Emma M. Padín, Xose Antonio Gónzalez-Dávila, Melchor Santana-Casiano, Magdalena Forja, Jesús M. Orbi, Abdellatif Pérez, Fiz F. Ríos, Aida F. |
author_facet |
de la Paz, Mercedes Huertas, Emma M. Padín, Xose Antonio Gónzalez-Dávila, Melchor Santana-Casiano, Magdalena Forja, Jesús M. Orbi, Abdellatif Pérez, Fiz F. Ríos, Aida F. |
author_sort |
de la Paz, Mercedes |
title |
Reconstruction of the seasonal cycle of air-sea CO2 fluxes in the Strait of Gibraltar |
title_short |
Reconstruction of the seasonal cycle of air-sea CO2 fluxes in the Strait of Gibraltar |
title_full |
Reconstruction of the seasonal cycle of air-sea CO2 fluxes in the Strait of Gibraltar |
title_fullStr |
Reconstruction of the seasonal cycle of air-sea CO2 fluxes in the Strait of Gibraltar |
title_full_unstemmed |
Reconstruction of the seasonal cycle of air-sea CO2 fluxes in the Strait of Gibraltar |
title_sort |
reconstruction of the seasonal cycle of air-sea co2 fluxes in the strait of gibraltar |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10553/49801 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2011.05.004 |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Marine Chemistry [ISSN 0304-4203], v. 126 (1-4), p. 155-162 |
op_relation |
Marine Carbon Sources And Sinks Assessment (Carboocean) Marine Chemistry 126 0304-4203 http://hdl.handle.net/10553/49801 doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2011.05.004 80051938054 000295195300016 1-4 B-9001-2011 K-4958-2014 K-5058-2014 A-9739-2010 No ID |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2011.05.004 |
container_title |
Marine Chemistry |
container_volume |
126 |
container_issue |
1-4 |
container_start_page |
155 |
op_container_end_page |
162 |
_version_ |
1766135371223007232 |