Prehistoric Genomes Reveal the Genetic Foundation and Cost of Horse Domestication
The domestication of the horse ~ 5.5 kya and the emergence of mounted riding, chariotry, and cavalry dramatically transformed human civilization. However, the genetics underlying horse domestication are difficult to reconstruct, given the near extinction of wild horses. We therefore sequenced two an...
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ftunivkentucky:oai:uknowledge.uky.edu:gluck_facpub-1027 2023-05-15T18:31:23+02:00 Prehistoric Genomes Reveal the Genetic Foundation and Cost of Horse Domestication Schubert, Mikkel Jónsson, Hákon Chang, Dan Der Sarkissian, Clio Ermini, Luca Ginolhac, Aurélien Albrechtsen, Anders Dupanloup, Isabelle Foucal, Adrien Petersen, Bent Fumagalli, Matteo Raghavan, Maanasa Seguin-Orlando, Andaine Korneliussen, Thorfinn S. Velazquez, Amhed M. V. Stenderup, Jesper Hoover, Cindi A. Rubin, Carl-Johan Alfarhan, Ahmed H. Alquraishi, Saleh A. Al-Rasheid, Khaled A. S. MacHugh, David E. Kalbfleisch, Ted Macleod, James N. Rubin, Edward M. Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas Andersson, Leif Hofreiter, Michael Marques-Bonet, Tomas Gilbert, M. Thomas P. Nielsen, Rasmus Excoffier, Laurent Willerslev, Eske Shapiro, Beth Orlando, Ludovic 2014-12-30T08:00:00Z https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gluck_facpub/29 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4284583/ unknown UKnowledge https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gluck_facpub/29 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4284583/ Veterinary Science Faculty Publications Animals Domestic Cardiovascular System Dogs Evolution Molecular Genome Hindlimb Horses Humans Inbreeding Russia Veterinary Medicine text 2014 ftunivkentucky 2021-05-31T13:46:24Z The domestication of the horse ~ 5.5 kya and the emergence of mounted riding, chariotry, and cavalry dramatically transformed human civilization. However, the genetics underlying horse domestication are difficult to reconstruct, given the near extinction of wild horses. We therefore sequenced two ancient horse genomes from Taymyr, Russia (at 7.4- and 24.3-fold coverage), both predating the earliest archeological evidence of domestication. We compared these genomes with genomes of domesticated horses and the wild Przewalski's horse and found genetic structure within Eurasia in the Late Pleistocene, with the ancient population contributing significantly to the genetic variation of domesticated breeds. We furthermore identified a conservative set of 125 potential domestication targets using four complementary scans for genes that have undergone positive selection. One group of genes is involved in muscular and limb development, articular junctions, and the cardiac system, and may represent physiological adaptations to human utilization. A second group consists of genes with cognitive functions, including social behavior, learning capabilities, fear response, and agreeableness, which may have been key for taming horses. We also found that domestication is associated with inbreeding and an excess of deleterious mutations. This genetic load is in line with the "cost of domestication" hypothesis also reported for rice, tomatoes, and dogs, and it is generally attributed to the relaxation of purifying selection resulting from the strong demographic bottlenecks accompanying domestication. Our work demonstrates the power of ancient genomes to reconstruct the complex genetic changes that transformed wild animals into their domesticated forms, and the population context in which this process took place. Text Taymyr University of Kentucky: UKnowledge Kya ENVELOPE(8.308,8.308,63.772,63.772) Taymyr ENVELOPE(89.987,89.987,68.219,68.219) |
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Open Polar |
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University of Kentucky: UKnowledge |
op_collection_id |
ftunivkentucky |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Animals Domestic Cardiovascular System Dogs Evolution Molecular Genome Hindlimb Horses Humans Inbreeding Russia Veterinary Medicine |
spellingShingle |
Animals Domestic Cardiovascular System Dogs Evolution Molecular Genome Hindlimb Horses Humans Inbreeding Russia Veterinary Medicine Schubert, Mikkel Jónsson, Hákon Chang, Dan Der Sarkissian, Clio Ermini, Luca Ginolhac, Aurélien Albrechtsen, Anders Dupanloup, Isabelle Foucal, Adrien Petersen, Bent Fumagalli, Matteo Raghavan, Maanasa Seguin-Orlando, Andaine Korneliussen, Thorfinn S. Velazquez, Amhed M. V. Stenderup, Jesper Hoover, Cindi A. Rubin, Carl-Johan Alfarhan, Ahmed H. Alquraishi, Saleh A. Al-Rasheid, Khaled A. S. MacHugh, David E. Kalbfleisch, Ted Macleod, James N. Rubin, Edward M. Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas Andersson, Leif Hofreiter, Michael Marques-Bonet, Tomas Gilbert, M. Thomas P. Nielsen, Rasmus Excoffier, Laurent Willerslev, Eske Shapiro, Beth Orlando, Ludovic Prehistoric Genomes Reveal the Genetic Foundation and Cost of Horse Domestication |
topic_facet |
Animals Domestic Cardiovascular System Dogs Evolution Molecular Genome Hindlimb Horses Humans Inbreeding Russia Veterinary Medicine |
description |
The domestication of the horse ~ 5.5 kya and the emergence of mounted riding, chariotry, and cavalry dramatically transformed human civilization. However, the genetics underlying horse domestication are difficult to reconstruct, given the near extinction of wild horses. We therefore sequenced two ancient horse genomes from Taymyr, Russia (at 7.4- and 24.3-fold coverage), both predating the earliest archeological evidence of domestication. We compared these genomes with genomes of domesticated horses and the wild Przewalski's horse and found genetic structure within Eurasia in the Late Pleistocene, with the ancient population contributing significantly to the genetic variation of domesticated breeds. We furthermore identified a conservative set of 125 potential domestication targets using four complementary scans for genes that have undergone positive selection. One group of genes is involved in muscular and limb development, articular junctions, and the cardiac system, and may represent physiological adaptations to human utilization. A second group consists of genes with cognitive functions, including social behavior, learning capabilities, fear response, and agreeableness, which may have been key for taming horses. We also found that domestication is associated with inbreeding and an excess of deleterious mutations. This genetic load is in line with the "cost of domestication" hypothesis also reported for rice, tomatoes, and dogs, and it is generally attributed to the relaxation of purifying selection resulting from the strong demographic bottlenecks accompanying domestication. Our work demonstrates the power of ancient genomes to reconstruct the complex genetic changes that transformed wild animals into their domesticated forms, and the population context in which this process took place. |
format |
Text |
author |
Schubert, Mikkel Jónsson, Hákon Chang, Dan Der Sarkissian, Clio Ermini, Luca Ginolhac, Aurélien Albrechtsen, Anders Dupanloup, Isabelle Foucal, Adrien Petersen, Bent Fumagalli, Matteo Raghavan, Maanasa Seguin-Orlando, Andaine Korneliussen, Thorfinn S. Velazquez, Amhed M. V. Stenderup, Jesper Hoover, Cindi A. Rubin, Carl-Johan Alfarhan, Ahmed H. Alquraishi, Saleh A. Al-Rasheid, Khaled A. S. MacHugh, David E. Kalbfleisch, Ted Macleod, James N. Rubin, Edward M. Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas Andersson, Leif Hofreiter, Michael Marques-Bonet, Tomas Gilbert, M. Thomas P. Nielsen, Rasmus Excoffier, Laurent Willerslev, Eske Shapiro, Beth Orlando, Ludovic |
author_facet |
Schubert, Mikkel Jónsson, Hákon Chang, Dan Der Sarkissian, Clio Ermini, Luca Ginolhac, Aurélien Albrechtsen, Anders Dupanloup, Isabelle Foucal, Adrien Petersen, Bent Fumagalli, Matteo Raghavan, Maanasa Seguin-Orlando, Andaine Korneliussen, Thorfinn S. Velazquez, Amhed M. V. Stenderup, Jesper Hoover, Cindi A. Rubin, Carl-Johan Alfarhan, Ahmed H. Alquraishi, Saleh A. Al-Rasheid, Khaled A. S. MacHugh, David E. Kalbfleisch, Ted Macleod, James N. Rubin, Edward M. Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas Andersson, Leif Hofreiter, Michael Marques-Bonet, Tomas Gilbert, M. Thomas P. Nielsen, Rasmus Excoffier, Laurent Willerslev, Eske Shapiro, Beth Orlando, Ludovic |
author_sort |
Schubert, Mikkel |
title |
Prehistoric Genomes Reveal the Genetic Foundation and Cost of Horse Domestication |
title_short |
Prehistoric Genomes Reveal the Genetic Foundation and Cost of Horse Domestication |
title_full |
Prehistoric Genomes Reveal the Genetic Foundation and Cost of Horse Domestication |
title_fullStr |
Prehistoric Genomes Reveal the Genetic Foundation and Cost of Horse Domestication |
title_full_unstemmed |
Prehistoric Genomes Reveal the Genetic Foundation and Cost of Horse Domestication |
title_sort |
prehistoric genomes reveal the genetic foundation and cost of horse domestication |
publisher |
UKnowledge |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gluck_facpub/29 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4284583/ |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(8.308,8.308,63.772,63.772) ENVELOPE(89.987,89.987,68.219,68.219) |
geographic |
Kya Taymyr |
geographic_facet |
Kya Taymyr |
genre |
Taymyr |
genre_facet |
Taymyr |
op_source |
Veterinary Science Faculty Publications |
op_relation |
https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gluck_facpub/29 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4284583/ |
_version_ |
1766215212206129152 |