Evaluating dry matter loss rates of 14 to 22% moisture content soybeans at 35°C using a dynamic grain respiration measurement system

• Main Author: Trevisan, Lucas Renato
• Other Authors: Gates, Richard S, Danao, Mary-Grace C, Rausch, Kent D
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Published: 2017
• Subjects: Carbon dioxide; Grain storage; Storage time; Grain deterioration; Post-harvest loss; Dry matter loss; DML
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/99429

Soybeans are biologically active after harvest, continuing to respire during storage and processing. Soybean respiration rate (v_(〖CO〗_2 )) and, thus, dry matter loss rate (v_DML) are affected by moisture content (w) and temperature (T). Knowledge of v_(〖CO〗_2 ) or v_DML is useful in developing maximum allowable storage time (MAST) guidelines for soybeans, which are currently sorely lacking for high w and T storage conditions. Therefore, in this study, v_(〖CO〗_2 ) and v_DML were measured for soybeans at a wide range of w (14 to 22 %) stored at 35°C. A dynamic grain respiration measurement system (D-GRMS) was used to measure grain deterioration rates of 14 to 22 % moisture content soybeans stored at 35ºC. Results showed that the pooled dry matter loss rates, (v_DML±〖SE〗_(v_DML ) )_p were 0.128 ± 0.001, 0.250 ± 0.004, and 0.253 ± 0.005 % d-1 for 14, 18, and 22 % moisture content soybeans, respectively. These corresponded to pooled respiration rates, (v_(〖CO〗_2 )±〖SE〗_(v_(〖CO〗_2 ) ) )_p of 1.879 ± 0.028, 3.664 ± 0.064, and 3.708 ± 0.068 mg CO2 (kg d)-1, respectively. The time to reach 0.5% DML, t_0.5±σ_(t_0.5 ), were also highly variable at 8.32 ± 2.89, 5.88 ± 1.47, and 3.83 ± 0.54 d for 14, 18, and 22 % moisture content soybeans, respectively, due to variable lag times before 0.05 % DML was reached. Using a minimum significant difference to be detected of δ=4(v_DML )_p of 0.0032 % d-1 from respiration tests with 18 % moisture content soybeans, a statistical power analysis showed that a minimum of four replications was needed for a 3w x 1T factorial experiment. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results, however, showed that across the w tested, the minimum significant difference between treatments was δ = 0.066 % d-1 and a minimum of one replication was needed. It is recommended that future soybean respiration experiments proceed with at least four replications. The effects of w on v_DML were best described with an exponential question [v_DML=β_1 exp⁡(β_2 w)] with a mean relative error, MRE = 0.15 % d-1; standard error of regression, 〖SE〗_reg=0.02 % d-1; F-statistic = 149.18, and an estimated coefficient of determination, R^2= 0.97. The D-GRMS, protocols, and statistical analyses of grain deterioration parameters presented in this study are useful for conducting robust grain respiration measurements in the future towards building a set of MAST guidelines for soybeans and other cereal or oilseed commodities.