The unprecedented 2017-2018 stratospheric smoke event : Decay phase and aerosol properties observed with the EARLINET
© Author(s) 2019. This open access work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Six months of stratospheric aerosol observations with the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) from August 2017 to January 2018 are...
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2019
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/2299/23240 http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85068562447&partnerID=8YFLogxK |
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ftunivhertford:oai:uhra.herts.ac.uk:2299/23240 |
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openpolar |
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Open Polar |
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University of Hertfordshire: UH Research Archive |
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ftunivhertford |
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English |
topic |
Atmospheric Science |
spellingShingle |
Atmospheric Science Baars, Holger Ansmann, Albert Ohneiser, Kevin Haarig, Moritz Engelmann, Ronny Althausen, Dietrich Hanssen, Ingrid Gausa, Michael Pietruczuk, Aleksander Szkop, Artur Stachlewska, Iwona S. Wang, Dongxiang Reichardt, Jens Skupin, Annett Mattis, Ina Trickl, Thomas Vogelmann, Hannes Navas-Guzmán, Francisco Haefele, Alexander Acheson, Karen Ruth, Albert A. Tatarov, Boyan Müller, Detlef Hu, Qiaoyun Podvin, Thierry Goloub, Philippe Veselovskii, Igor Pietras, Christophe Haeffelin, Martial Fréville, Patrick Sicard, Michaël Comerón, Adolfo García, Alfonso Javier Fernández Menéndez, Francisco Molero Córdoba-Jabonero, Carmen Guerrero-Rascado, Juan Luis Alados-Arboledas, Lucas Bortoli, Daniele Costa, Maria João Dionisi, Davide Liberti, Gian Luigi Wang, Xuan Sannino, Alessia Papagiannopoulos, Nikolaos Boselli, Antonella Mona, Lucia D'Amico, Giuseppe Romano, Salvatore Perrone, Maria Rita Belegante, Livio Nicolae, Doina Grigorov, Ivan Gialitaki, Anna Amiridis, Vassilis Soupiona, Ourania Papayannis, Alexandros Mamouri, Rodanthi Elisaveth Nisantzi, Argyro Heese, Birgit Hofer, Julian Schechner, Yoav Y. Wandinger, Ulla Pappalardo, Gelsomina The unprecedented 2017-2018 stratospheric smoke event : Decay phase and aerosol properties observed with the EARLINET |
topic_facet |
Atmospheric Science |
description |
© Author(s) 2019. This open access work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Six months of stratospheric aerosol observations with the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) from August 2017 to January 2018 are presented. The decay phase of an unprecedented, record-breaking stratospheric perturbation caused by wildfire smoke is reported and discussed in terms of geometrical, optical, and microphysical aerosol properties. Enormous amounts of smoke were injected into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere over fire areas in western Canada on 12 August 2017 during strong thunderstorm-pyrocumulonimbus activity. The stratospheric fire plumes spread over the entire Northern Hemisphere in the following weeks and months. Twenty-eight European lidar stations from northern Norway to southern Portugal and the eastern Mediterranean monitored the strong stratospheric perturbation on a continental scale. The main smoke layer (over central, western, southern, and eastern Europe) was found at heights between 15 and 20 km since September 2017 (about 2 weeks after entering the stratosphere). Thin layers of smoke were detected at heights of up to 22-23 km. The stratospheric aerosol optical thickness at 532 nm decreased from values > 0.25 on 21-23 August 2017 to 0.005-0.03 until 5-10 September and was mainly 0.003-0.004 from October to December 2017 and thus was still significantly above the stratospheric background (0.001-0.002). Stratospheric particle extinction coefficients (532 nm) were as high as 50-200 Mm-1 until the beginning of September and on the order of 1 Mm-1 (0.5- 5 Mm-1) from October 2017 until the end of January 2018. The corresponding layer mean particle mass concentration was on the order of 0.05-0.5 μg m-3 over these months. Soot particles (light-absorbing carbonaceous particles) are efficient ice-nucleating particles (INPs) at upper tropospheric (cirrus) temperatures and available to influence cirrus formation when entering the tropopause from above. We estimated INP concentrations of 50-500 L-1 until the first days in September and afterwards 5-50 L-1 until the end of the year 2017 in the lower stratosphere for typical cirrus formation temperatures of -55 ?C and an ice supersaturation level of 1.15. The measured profiles of the particle linear depolarization ratio indicated a predominance of nonspherical smoke particles. The 532 nm depolarization ratio decreased slowly with time in the main smoke layer from values of 0.15-0.25 (August-September) to values of 0.05-0.10 (October-November) and < 0.05 (December-January). The decrease of the depolarization ratio is consistent with aging of the smoke particles, growing of a coating around the solid black carbon core (aggregates), and thus change of the shape towards a spherical form. We found ascending aerosol layer features over the most southern European stations, especially over the eastern Mediterranean at 32-35? N, that ascended from heights of about 18-19 to 22-23 km from the beginning of October to the beginning of December 2017 (about 2 km per month). We discuss several transport and lifting mechanisms that may have had an impact on the found aerosol layering structures. Peer reviewed |
author2 |
School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics SPECS Deans Group Centre for Atmospheric and Climate Physics Research |
author |
Baars, Holger Ansmann, Albert Ohneiser, Kevin Haarig, Moritz Engelmann, Ronny Althausen, Dietrich Hanssen, Ingrid Gausa, Michael Pietruczuk, Aleksander Szkop, Artur Stachlewska, Iwona S. Wang, Dongxiang Reichardt, Jens Skupin, Annett Mattis, Ina Trickl, Thomas Vogelmann, Hannes Navas-Guzmán, Francisco Haefele, Alexander Acheson, Karen Ruth, Albert A. Tatarov, Boyan Müller, Detlef Hu, Qiaoyun Podvin, Thierry Goloub, Philippe Veselovskii, Igor Pietras, Christophe Haeffelin, Martial Fréville, Patrick Sicard, Michaël Comerón, Adolfo García, Alfonso Javier Fernández Menéndez, Francisco Molero Córdoba-Jabonero, Carmen Guerrero-Rascado, Juan Luis Alados-Arboledas, Lucas Bortoli, Daniele Costa, Maria João Dionisi, Davide Liberti, Gian Luigi Wang, Xuan Sannino, Alessia Papagiannopoulos, Nikolaos Boselli, Antonella Mona, Lucia D'Amico, Giuseppe Romano, Salvatore Perrone, Maria Rita Belegante, Livio Nicolae, Doina Grigorov, Ivan Gialitaki, Anna Amiridis, Vassilis Soupiona, Ourania Papayannis, Alexandros Mamouri, Rodanthi Elisaveth Nisantzi, Argyro Heese, Birgit Hofer, Julian Schechner, Yoav Y. Wandinger, Ulla Pappalardo, Gelsomina |
author_facet |
Baars, Holger Ansmann, Albert Ohneiser, Kevin Haarig, Moritz Engelmann, Ronny Althausen, Dietrich Hanssen, Ingrid Gausa, Michael Pietruczuk, Aleksander Szkop, Artur Stachlewska, Iwona S. Wang, Dongxiang Reichardt, Jens Skupin, Annett Mattis, Ina Trickl, Thomas Vogelmann, Hannes Navas-Guzmán, Francisco Haefele, Alexander Acheson, Karen Ruth, Albert A. Tatarov, Boyan Müller, Detlef Hu, Qiaoyun Podvin, Thierry Goloub, Philippe Veselovskii, Igor Pietras, Christophe Haeffelin, Martial Fréville, Patrick Sicard, Michaël Comerón, Adolfo García, Alfonso Javier Fernández Menéndez, Francisco Molero Córdoba-Jabonero, Carmen Guerrero-Rascado, Juan Luis Alados-Arboledas, Lucas Bortoli, Daniele Costa, Maria João Dionisi, Davide Liberti, Gian Luigi Wang, Xuan Sannino, Alessia Papagiannopoulos, Nikolaos Boselli, Antonella Mona, Lucia D'Amico, Giuseppe Romano, Salvatore Perrone, Maria Rita Belegante, Livio Nicolae, Doina Grigorov, Ivan Gialitaki, Anna Amiridis, Vassilis Soupiona, Ourania Papayannis, Alexandros Mamouri, Rodanthi Elisaveth Nisantzi, Argyro Heese, Birgit Hofer, Julian Schechner, Yoav Y. Wandinger, Ulla Pappalardo, Gelsomina |
author_sort |
Baars, Holger |
title |
The unprecedented 2017-2018 stratospheric smoke event : Decay phase and aerosol properties observed with the EARLINET |
title_short |
The unprecedented 2017-2018 stratospheric smoke event : Decay phase and aerosol properties observed with the EARLINET |
title_full |
The unprecedented 2017-2018 stratospheric smoke event : Decay phase and aerosol properties observed with the EARLINET |
title_fullStr |
The unprecedented 2017-2018 stratospheric smoke event : Decay phase and aerosol properties observed with the EARLINET |
title_full_unstemmed |
The unprecedented 2017-2018 stratospheric smoke event : Decay phase and aerosol properties observed with the EARLINET |
title_sort |
unprecedented 2017-2018 stratospheric smoke event : decay phase and aerosol properties observed with the earlinet |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/2299/23240 http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85068562447&partnerID=8YFLogxK |
geographic |
Canada Norway |
geographic_facet |
Canada Norway |
genre |
Northern Norway |
genre_facet |
Northern Norway |
op_relation |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Baars , H , Ansmann , A , Ohneiser , K , Haarig , M , Engelmann , R , Althausen , D , Hanssen , I , Gausa , M , Pietruczuk , A , Szkop , A , Stachlewska , I S , Wang , D , Reichardt , J , Skupin , A , Mattis , I , Trickl , T , Vogelmann , H , Navas-Guzmán , F , Haefele , A , Acheson , K , Ruth , A A , Tatarov , B , Müller , D , Hu , Q , Podvin , T , Goloub , P , Veselovskii , I , Pietras , C , Haeffelin , M , Fréville , P , Sicard , M , Comerón , A , García , A J F , Menéndez , F M , Córdoba-Jabonero , C , Guerrero-Rascado , J L , Alados-Arboledas , L , Bortoli , D , Costa , M J , Dionisi , D , Liberti , G L , Wang , X , Sannino , A , Papagiannopoulos , N , Boselli , A , Mona , L , D'Amico , G , Romano , S , Perrone , M R , Belegante , L , Nicolae , D , Grigorov , I , Gialitaki , A , Amiridis , V , Soupiona , O , Papayannis , A , Mamouri , R E , Nisantzi , A , Heese , B , Hofer , J , Schechner , Y Y , Wandinger , U & Pappalardo , G 2019 , ' The unprecedented 2017-2018 stratospheric smoke event : Decay phase and aerosol properties observed with the EARLINET ' , Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , vol. 19 , no. 23 , pp. 15183-15198 . https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15183-2019 1680-7316 PURE: 22777152 PURE UUID: 5a303f02-ea23-4c24-874d-789a3e72a995 Scopus: 85068562447 ORCID: /0000-0002-0203-7654/work/81741611 http://hdl.handle.net/2299/23240 http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85068562447&partnerID=8YFLogxK |
_version_ |
1766145858294775808 |
spelling |
ftunivhertford:oai:uhra.herts.ac.uk:2299/23240 2023-05-15T17:43:43+02:00 The unprecedented 2017-2018 stratospheric smoke event : Decay phase and aerosol properties observed with the EARLINET Baars, Holger Ansmann, Albert Ohneiser, Kevin Haarig, Moritz Engelmann, Ronny Althausen, Dietrich Hanssen, Ingrid Gausa, Michael Pietruczuk, Aleksander Szkop, Artur Stachlewska, Iwona S. Wang, Dongxiang Reichardt, Jens Skupin, Annett Mattis, Ina Trickl, Thomas Vogelmann, Hannes Navas-Guzmán, Francisco Haefele, Alexander Acheson, Karen Ruth, Albert A. Tatarov, Boyan Müller, Detlef Hu, Qiaoyun Podvin, Thierry Goloub, Philippe Veselovskii, Igor Pietras, Christophe Haeffelin, Martial Fréville, Patrick Sicard, Michaël Comerón, Adolfo García, Alfonso Javier Fernández Menéndez, Francisco Molero Córdoba-Jabonero, Carmen Guerrero-Rascado, Juan Luis Alados-Arboledas, Lucas Bortoli, Daniele Costa, Maria João Dionisi, Davide Liberti, Gian Luigi Wang, Xuan Sannino, Alessia Papagiannopoulos, Nikolaos Boselli, Antonella Mona, Lucia D'Amico, Giuseppe Romano, Salvatore Perrone, Maria Rita Belegante, Livio Nicolae, Doina Grigorov, Ivan Gialitaki, Anna Amiridis, Vassilis Soupiona, Ourania Papayannis, Alexandros Mamouri, Rodanthi Elisaveth Nisantzi, Argyro Heese, Birgit Hofer, Julian Schechner, Yoav Y. Wandinger, Ulla Pappalardo, Gelsomina School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics SPECS Deans Group Centre for Atmospheric and Climate Physics Research 2019-12-13 16 http://hdl.handle.net/2299/23240 http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85068562447&partnerID=8YFLogxK eng eng Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Baars , H , Ansmann , A , Ohneiser , K , Haarig , M , Engelmann , R , Althausen , D , Hanssen , I , Gausa , M , Pietruczuk , A , Szkop , A , Stachlewska , I S , Wang , D , Reichardt , J , Skupin , A , Mattis , I , Trickl , T , Vogelmann , H , Navas-Guzmán , F , Haefele , A , Acheson , K , Ruth , A A , Tatarov , B , Müller , D , Hu , Q , Podvin , T , Goloub , P , Veselovskii , I , Pietras , C , Haeffelin , M , Fréville , P , Sicard , M , Comerón , A , García , A J F , Menéndez , F M , Córdoba-Jabonero , C , Guerrero-Rascado , J L , Alados-Arboledas , L , Bortoli , D , Costa , M J , Dionisi , D , Liberti , G L , Wang , X , Sannino , A , Papagiannopoulos , N , Boselli , A , Mona , L , D'Amico , G , Romano , S , Perrone , M R , Belegante , L , Nicolae , D , Grigorov , I , Gialitaki , A , Amiridis , V , Soupiona , O , Papayannis , A , Mamouri , R E , Nisantzi , A , Heese , B , Hofer , J , Schechner , Y Y , Wandinger , U & Pappalardo , G 2019 , ' The unprecedented 2017-2018 stratospheric smoke event : Decay phase and aerosol properties observed with the EARLINET ' , Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , vol. 19 , no. 23 , pp. 15183-15198 . https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15183-2019 1680-7316 PURE: 22777152 PURE UUID: 5a303f02-ea23-4c24-874d-789a3e72a995 Scopus: 85068562447 ORCID: /0000-0002-0203-7654/work/81741611 http://hdl.handle.net/2299/23240 http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85068562447&partnerID=8YFLogxK Atmospheric Science 2019 ftunivhertford 2021-11-05T00:01:20Z © Author(s) 2019. This open access work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Six months of stratospheric aerosol observations with the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) from August 2017 to January 2018 are presented. The decay phase of an unprecedented, record-breaking stratospheric perturbation caused by wildfire smoke is reported and discussed in terms of geometrical, optical, and microphysical aerosol properties. Enormous amounts of smoke were injected into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere over fire areas in western Canada on 12 August 2017 during strong thunderstorm-pyrocumulonimbus activity. The stratospheric fire plumes spread over the entire Northern Hemisphere in the following weeks and months. Twenty-eight European lidar stations from northern Norway to southern Portugal and the eastern Mediterranean monitored the strong stratospheric perturbation on a continental scale. The main smoke layer (over central, western, southern, and eastern Europe) was found at heights between 15 and 20 km since September 2017 (about 2 weeks after entering the stratosphere). Thin layers of smoke were detected at heights of up to 22-23 km. The stratospheric aerosol optical thickness at 532 nm decreased from values > 0.25 on 21-23 August 2017 to 0.005-0.03 until 5-10 September and was mainly 0.003-0.004 from October to December 2017 and thus was still significantly above the stratospheric background (0.001-0.002). Stratospheric particle extinction coefficients (532 nm) were as high as 50-200 Mm-1 until the beginning of September and on the order of 1 Mm-1 (0.5- 5 Mm-1) from October 2017 until the end of January 2018. The corresponding layer mean particle mass concentration was on the order of 0.05-0.5 μg m-3 over these months. Soot particles (light-absorbing carbonaceous particles) are efficient ice-nucleating particles (INPs) at upper tropospheric (cirrus) temperatures and available to influence cirrus formation when entering the tropopause from above. We estimated INP concentrations of 50-500 L-1 until the first days in September and afterwards 5-50 L-1 until the end of the year 2017 in the lower stratosphere for typical cirrus formation temperatures of -55 ?C and an ice supersaturation level of 1.15. The measured profiles of the particle linear depolarization ratio indicated a predominance of nonspherical smoke particles. The 532 nm depolarization ratio decreased slowly with time in the main smoke layer from values of 0.15-0.25 (August-September) to values of 0.05-0.10 (October-November) and < 0.05 (December-January). The decrease of the depolarization ratio is consistent with aging of the smoke particles, growing of a coating around the solid black carbon core (aggregates), and thus change of the shape towards a spherical form. We found ascending aerosol layer features over the most southern European stations, especially over the eastern Mediterranean at 32-35? N, that ascended from heights of about 18-19 to 22-23 km from the beginning of October to the beginning of December 2017 (about 2 km per month). We discuss several transport and lifting mechanisms that may have had an impact on the found aerosol layering structures. Peer reviewed Other/Unknown Material Northern Norway University of Hertfordshire: UH Research Archive Canada Norway |