Precipitation fields over the Baltic Sea derived from ship rain gauge measurements on merchant ships
Precipitation over the Baltic Sea has been estimated from satellite measurements, ground-based weather radars and synoptic observations made at coastal and island stations. The obtained estimates do not use any in situ measurements over the Baltic Sea. Thus, a validation of the estimates over the se...
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Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
2024
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10138/578176 |
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ftunivhelsihelda:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/578176 2024-09-15T18:00:10+00:00 Precipitation fields over the Baltic Sea derived from ship rain gauge measurements on merchant ships Clemens, M. Bumke, K. 2024-06-27T13:44:47Z 425-436 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10138/578176 eng eng Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board Boreal Environment Research 1239-6095 1797-2469 4 7 http://hdl.handle.net/10138/578176 Suomen ympäristökeskus CC BY 4.0 openAccess Artikkeli lehdessä 2024 ftunivhelsihelda 2024-08-21T23:48:04Z Precipitation over the Baltic Sea has been estimated from satellite measurements, ground-based weather radars and synoptic observations made at coastal and island stations. The obtained estimates do not use any in situ measurements over the Baltic Sea. Thus, a validation of the estimates over the sea proper is required. Here we present a method to analyse precipitation measurements over the Baltic Sea from the ship observations for the period 1996–2000. In order to measure precipitation over the Baltic Sea, several merchant ships have been equipped with specially designed ship rain gauges. The measurements are stored at 8-minute intervals. More than 20000 instrumental measurements were collected during several months. An interpolation scheme based on the kriging method has been used to estimate spatial precipitation distributions on a 1° [xi] 1° grid. This method is particularly used to minimise sampling errors due to the low data density. All estimations are presented on a seasonal time resolution. The estimated spatial rain fields give reasonable results, especially in areas along the main shipping routes characterised by a high data density. Article in Journal/Newspaper Boreal Environment Research HELDA – University of Helsinki Open Repository |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
HELDA – University of Helsinki Open Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftunivhelsihelda |
language |
English |
description |
Precipitation over the Baltic Sea has been estimated from satellite measurements, ground-based weather radars and synoptic observations made at coastal and island stations. The obtained estimates do not use any in situ measurements over the Baltic Sea. Thus, a validation of the estimates over the sea proper is required. Here we present a method to analyse precipitation measurements over the Baltic Sea from the ship observations for the period 1996–2000. In order to measure precipitation over the Baltic Sea, several merchant ships have been equipped with specially designed ship rain gauges. The measurements are stored at 8-minute intervals. More than 20000 instrumental measurements were collected during several months. An interpolation scheme based on the kriging method has been used to estimate spatial precipitation distributions on a 1° [xi] 1° grid. This method is particularly used to minimise sampling errors due to the low data density. All estimations are presented on a seasonal time resolution. The estimated spatial rain fields give reasonable results, especially in areas along the main shipping routes characterised by a high data density. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Clemens, M. Bumke, K. |
spellingShingle |
Clemens, M. Bumke, K. Precipitation fields over the Baltic Sea derived from ship rain gauge measurements on merchant ships |
author_facet |
Clemens, M. Bumke, K. |
author_sort |
Clemens, M. |
title |
Precipitation fields over the Baltic Sea derived from ship rain gauge measurements on merchant ships |
title_short |
Precipitation fields over the Baltic Sea derived from ship rain gauge measurements on merchant ships |
title_full |
Precipitation fields over the Baltic Sea derived from ship rain gauge measurements on merchant ships |
title_fullStr |
Precipitation fields over the Baltic Sea derived from ship rain gauge measurements on merchant ships |
title_full_unstemmed |
Precipitation fields over the Baltic Sea derived from ship rain gauge measurements on merchant ships |
title_sort |
precipitation fields over the baltic sea derived from ship rain gauge measurements on merchant ships |
publisher |
Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10138/578176 |
genre |
Boreal Environment Research |
genre_facet |
Boreal Environment Research |
op_relation |
Boreal Environment Research 1239-6095 1797-2469 4 7 http://hdl.handle.net/10138/578176 Suomen ympäristökeskus |
op_rights |
CC BY 4.0 openAccess |
_version_ |
1810437303120691200 |