Snow cover duration in northern Finland and the influence of key variables through a conceptual framework based on observed variations in snow depth
Seasonal snow cover duration is the net result from many processes acting on snow fallen on the Earth’s surface. Several of these processes feed back into the atmosphere-cryosphere system causing non-linear interactions. The timing of snow retreat is of essential importance, but the duration of snow...
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ftunivhelsihelda:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/566140 2023-11-12T04:23:14+01:00 Snow cover duration in northern Finland and the influence of key variables through a conceptual framework based on observed variations in snow depth Ström, Johan Svensson, Jonas Moosmüller, Hans Meinander, Outi Virkkula, Aki Hyvärinen, Antti Asmi, Eija orcid:0000-0002-4425-0541 orcid:0000-0001-6608-3951 orcid:0000-0003-4874-7552 orcid:0000-0001-7938-071X orcid:0000-0002-9226-2360 Ilmatieteen laitos Finnish Meteorological Institute 2023-10-13T08:24:48Z 166333 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10138/566140 en eng Elsevier 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166333 Science of the total environment 0048-9697 1879-1026 903 88161 http://hdl.handle.net/10138/566140 URN:NBN:fi-fe20231005138963 CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 snow rainfall measurement ambient music winter lumi lumipeite vuodenajat vesiarvo säteily lämpötila sademäärä snow cover seasons water equivalent radiation temperature mittaus ambient talvi A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä A1 Journal article (refereed), original research 2023 ftunivhelsihelda 2023-10-18T23:01:36Z Seasonal snow cover duration is the net result from many processes acting on snow fallen on the Earth’s surface. Several of these processes feed back into the atmosphere-cryosphere system causing non-linear interactions. The timing of snow retreat is of essential importance, but the duration of snow cover has large spatiotemporal variabilities. However, from a large data set of observed snow depth changes in northern Finland, systematic similar evolutions are identified that allow for a considerable simplification and reduction of the complexity in snow depth changes. Here, a novel conceptual framework is designed based on dividing the season into two main periods (dark and bright period, based on solar irradiance), for which snow depth decrease is parameterized based on three variables, average temperature, incoming shortwave radiation, and light-absorbing particles (LAP) in the snow. The processes are simplified into two linear relations, and a new formulation for concentration enhancement of LAP, which is dependent on snow depth decrease, is given. The results show that the seasonal snow cover duration is shifted by about one day for every 10 mm snow water equivalent of precipitation. This effect is comparable in scale to that of doubling of the amount of LAP concentration in snow. We also found that the combined shift in snow cover duration from interannual variability in ambient temperature and shortwave radiation (warm and bright vs. cold and dark season) is large enough to explain the variability of a couple of weeks for a given precipitation amount in Northern Finland. Article in Journal/Newspaper Northern Finland HELDA – University of Helsinki Open Repository |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
HELDA – University of Helsinki Open Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftunivhelsihelda |
language |
English |
topic |
snow rainfall measurement ambient music winter lumi lumipeite vuodenajat vesiarvo säteily lämpötila sademäärä snow cover seasons water equivalent radiation temperature mittaus ambient talvi |
spellingShingle |
snow rainfall measurement ambient music winter lumi lumipeite vuodenajat vesiarvo säteily lämpötila sademäärä snow cover seasons water equivalent radiation temperature mittaus ambient talvi Ström, Johan Svensson, Jonas Moosmüller, Hans Meinander, Outi Virkkula, Aki Hyvärinen, Antti Asmi, Eija Snow cover duration in northern Finland and the influence of key variables through a conceptual framework based on observed variations in snow depth |
topic_facet |
snow rainfall measurement ambient music winter lumi lumipeite vuodenajat vesiarvo säteily lämpötila sademäärä snow cover seasons water equivalent radiation temperature mittaus ambient talvi |
description |
Seasonal snow cover duration is the net result from many processes acting on snow fallen on the Earth’s surface. Several of these processes feed back into the atmosphere-cryosphere system causing non-linear interactions. The timing of snow retreat is of essential importance, but the duration of snow cover has large spatiotemporal variabilities. However, from a large data set of observed snow depth changes in northern Finland, systematic similar evolutions are identified that allow for a considerable simplification and reduction of the complexity in snow depth changes. Here, a novel conceptual framework is designed based on dividing the season into two main periods (dark and bright period, based on solar irradiance), for which snow depth decrease is parameterized based on three variables, average temperature, incoming shortwave radiation, and light-absorbing particles (LAP) in the snow. The processes are simplified into two linear relations, and a new formulation for concentration enhancement of LAP, which is dependent on snow depth decrease, is given. The results show that the seasonal snow cover duration is shifted by about one day for every 10 mm snow water equivalent of precipitation. This effect is comparable in scale to that of doubling of the amount of LAP concentration in snow. We also found that the combined shift in snow cover duration from interannual variability in ambient temperature and shortwave radiation (warm and bright vs. cold and dark season) is large enough to explain the variability of a couple of weeks for a given precipitation amount in Northern Finland. |
author2 |
orcid:0000-0002-4425-0541 orcid:0000-0001-6608-3951 orcid:0000-0003-4874-7552 orcid:0000-0001-7938-071X orcid:0000-0002-9226-2360 Ilmatieteen laitos Finnish Meteorological Institute |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ström, Johan Svensson, Jonas Moosmüller, Hans Meinander, Outi Virkkula, Aki Hyvärinen, Antti Asmi, Eija |
author_facet |
Ström, Johan Svensson, Jonas Moosmüller, Hans Meinander, Outi Virkkula, Aki Hyvärinen, Antti Asmi, Eija |
author_sort |
Ström, Johan |
title |
Snow cover duration in northern Finland and the influence of key variables through a conceptual framework based on observed variations in snow depth |
title_short |
Snow cover duration in northern Finland and the influence of key variables through a conceptual framework based on observed variations in snow depth |
title_full |
Snow cover duration in northern Finland and the influence of key variables through a conceptual framework based on observed variations in snow depth |
title_fullStr |
Snow cover duration in northern Finland and the influence of key variables through a conceptual framework based on observed variations in snow depth |
title_full_unstemmed |
Snow cover duration in northern Finland and the influence of key variables through a conceptual framework based on observed variations in snow depth |
title_sort |
snow cover duration in northern finland and the influence of key variables through a conceptual framework based on observed variations in snow depth |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10138/566140 |
genre |
Northern Finland |
genre_facet |
Northern Finland |
op_relation |
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166333 Science of the total environment 0048-9697 1879-1026 903 88161 http://hdl.handle.net/10138/566140 URN:NBN:fi-fe20231005138963 |
op_rights |
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 |
_version_ |
1782338074298023936 |