Accuracy of Manual Snow Sampling, Depending on the Sampler’s Cross-Section—A Comparative Study
Snow sampling, either by inserting a tube through the entire snowpack or by taking samples from the vertical profile, is widely applied to measure the snow depth, density, and snow water equivalent (SWE). A comparative study of snow-sampling methods was carried out on 24 March 2022 in Sodankylä, Fin...
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2023
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ftunivhelsihelda:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/565531 2023-11-12T04:17:59+01:00 Accuracy of Manual Snow Sampling, Depending on the Sampler’s Cross-Section—A Comparative Study Kaasik, Marko Meinander, Outi Leppänen, Leena Anttila, Kati Dagsson-Waldhauserova, Pavla Ginnerup, Anders Hampinen, Timo Liu, Yijing Gunnarsson, Andri Langley, Kirsty Arslan, Ali Nadir orcid:0000-0002-4580-979X Suomen ympäristökeskus The Finnish Environment Institute 2023-09-22T10:43:58Z application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10138/565531 en eng MDPI AG 10.3390/geosciences13070205 Geosciences 2076-3263 7 13 85940 http://hdl.handle.net/10138/565531 URN:NBN:fi-fe20230922136218 CC BY 4.0 snow snow cover sampling lumi lumipeite näytteenotto Sodankylä Suomi Finland A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä A1 Journal article (refereed), original research 2023 ftunivhelsihelda 2023-10-18T23:01:09Z Snow sampling, either by inserting a tube through the entire snowpack or by taking samples from the vertical profile, is widely applied to measure the snow depth, density, and snow water equivalent (SWE). A comparative study of snow-sampling methods was carried out on 24 March 2022 in Sodankylä, Finland. Six groups from five countries (Estonia, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, and Sweden) participated, using 12 different snow samplers, including 9 bulk tube samplers and 3 density cutters. The cross-sectional area of the SWE samplers varied from 11 to 100 cm2, while tube length varied from 30 cm to 100 cm. The cross-sectional area of the density profile cutters varied from 100 cm2 to 200 cm2 and the vertical sampling step varied from 5 cm to 10 cm. The samples were taken from snow pits in 55–65-centimeter-deep snow cover in a flat area with sparse pine trees, with the pits at a maximum distance of 10 m from each other. Each tube sampling series consisted of 3–10 vertical columns to ensure statistical validation. The snowpack was relatively soft, with two moderately hard crust layers. The density recorded in the tube sample measurements varied from 218 to 265 kgm−3. The measurement results of SWE, however, varied depending on the sampling equipment used, ranging from 148 to 180 kgm−2, with two outliers of 77 and 106 kgm−2, both with 11 cm2 samplers. Article in Journal/Newspaper Greenland Iceland Sodankylä HELDA – University of Helsinki Open Repository Greenland Sodankylä ENVELOPE(26.600,26.600,67.417,67.417) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
HELDA – University of Helsinki Open Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftunivhelsihelda |
language |
English |
topic |
snow snow cover sampling lumi lumipeite näytteenotto Sodankylä Suomi Finland |
spellingShingle |
snow snow cover sampling lumi lumipeite näytteenotto Sodankylä Suomi Finland Kaasik, Marko Meinander, Outi Leppänen, Leena Anttila, Kati Dagsson-Waldhauserova, Pavla Ginnerup, Anders Hampinen, Timo Liu, Yijing Gunnarsson, Andri Langley, Kirsty Arslan, Ali Nadir Accuracy of Manual Snow Sampling, Depending on the Sampler’s Cross-Section—A Comparative Study |
topic_facet |
snow snow cover sampling lumi lumipeite näytteenotto Sodankylä Suomi Finland |
description |
Snow sampling, either by inserting a tube through the entire snowpack or by taking samples from the vertical profile, is widely applied to measure the snow depth, density, and snow water equivalent (SWE). A comparative study of snow-sampling methods was carried out on 24 March 2022 in Sodankylä, Finland. Six groups from five countries (Estonia, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, and Sweden) participated, using 12 different snow samplers, including 9 bulk tube samplers and 3 density cutters. The cross-sectional area of the SWE samplers varied from 11 to 100 cm2, while tube length varied from 30 cm to 100 cm. The cross-sectional area of the density profile cutters varied from 100 cm2 to 200 cm2 and the vertical sampling step varied from 5 cm to 10 cm. The samples were taken from snow pits in 55–65-centimeter-deep snow cover in a flat area with sparse pine trees, with the pits at a maximum distance of 10 m from each other. Each tube sampling series consisted of 3–10 vertical columns to ensure statistical validation. The snowpack was relatively soft, with two moderately hard crust layers. The density recorded in the tube sample measurements varied from 218 to 265 kgm−3. The measurement results of SWE, however, varied depending on the sampling equipment used, ranging from 148 to 180 kgm−2, with two outliers of 77 and 106 kgm−2, both with 11 cm2 samplers. |
author2 |
orcid:0000-0002-4580-979X Suomen ympäristökeskus The Finnish Environment Institute |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Kaasik, Marko Meinander, Outi Leppänen, Leena Anttila, Kati Dagsson-Waldhauserova, Pavla Ginnerup, Anders Hampinen, Timo Liu, Yijing Gunnarsson, Andri Langley, Kirsty Arslan, Ali Nadir |
author_facet |
Kaasik, Marko Meinander, Outi Leppänen, Leena Anttila, Kati Dagsson-Waldhauserova, Pavla Ginnerup, Anders Hampinen, Timo Liu, Yijing Gunnarsson, Andri Langley, Kirsty Arslan, Ali Nadir |
author_sort |
Kaasik, Marko |
title |
Accuracy of Manual Snow Sampling, Depending on the Sampler’s Cross-Section—A Comparative Study |
title_short |
Accuracy of Manual Snow Sampling, Depending on the Sampler’s Cross-Section—A Comparative Study |
title_full |
Accuracy of Manual Snow Sampling, Depending on the Sampler’s Cross-Section—A Comparative Study |
title_fullStr |
Accuracy of Manual Snow Sampling, Depending on the Sampler’s Cross-Section—A Comparative Study |
title_full_unstemmed |
Accuracy of Manual Snow Sampling, Depending on the Sampler’s Cross-Section—A Comparative Study |
title_sort |
accuracy of manual snow sampling, depending on the sampler’s cross-section—a comparative study |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10138/565531 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(26.600,26.600,67.417,67.417) |
geographic |
Greenland Sodankylä |
geographic_facet |
Greenland Sodankylä |
genre |
Greenland Iceland Sodankylä |
genre_facet |
Greenland Iceland Sodankylä |
op_relation |
10.3390/geosciences13070205 Geosciences 2076-3263 7 13 85940 http://hdl.handle.net/10138/565531 URN:NBN:fi-fe20230922136218 |
op_rights |
CC BY 4.0 |
_version_ |
1782334727568490496 |