Ninety years of coastal monitoring reveals baseline and extreme ocean temperatures are increasing off the Finnish coast

Long term coastal surface and sub-surface monitoring reveals that warm temperature extremes have intensified and cold extremes nearly vanished in the last decades, increasing baseline water temperature on the southwest coast of Finland. Global marine heatwave assessments often rely on satellite-deri...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Communications Earth & Environment
Main Authors: Goebeler, Norman, Norkko, Alf, Norkko, Joanna
Other Authors: Biological stations, Tvärminne Zoological Station, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Tvärminne Benthic Ecology Team, Marine Ecosystems Research Group, The Academic Outreach Network
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Springer 2022
Subjects:
MARINE HEATWAVES
HEAT-WAVE
SEA-ICE
GULF
VARIABILITY
HYDROGRAPHY
TVARMINNE
RECORD
1172 Environmental sciences
Sea ice
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/10138/349492
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record_format openpolar
spelling ftunivhelsihelda:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/349492 2024-01-07T09:46:38+01:00 Ninety years of coastal monitoring reveals baseline and extreme ocean temperatures are increasing off the Finnish coast Goebeler, Norman Norkko, Alf Norkko, Joanna Biological stations Tvärminne Zoological Station Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme Tvärminne Benthic Ecology Team Marine Ecosystems Research Group The Academic Outreach Network 2022-09-29T12:53:03Z 11 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10138/349492 eng eng Springer 10.1038/s43247-022-00545-z We sincerely thank all the staff at Tvarminne Zoological Station and others who have contributed to the continuation of this monitoring time series for nearly a century, some even risking their lives on thin sea ice in winter (before the age of hovercrafts). We also thank Bo Gustafsson (University of Stockholm) and Judi Hewitt (University of Auckland) for their comments on the manuscript and advice on the analytical and statistical approach for analysing the data. This study was supported by Walter and Andree de Nottbeck Foundation (PhD grant to N.G.). Goebeler , N , Norkko , A & Norkko , J 2022 , ' Ninety years of coastal monitoring reveals baseline and extreme ocean temperatures are increasing off the Finnish coast ' , Communications earth & environment , vol. 3 , 215 . https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00545-z ORCID: /0000-0001-9885-8408/work/120006135 ORCID: /0000-0001-9164-5370/work/124445983 88d76f51-083e-4122-90bb-32f0b3e61460 http://hdl.handle.net/10138/349492 000855460400005 cc_by openAccess info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess MARINE HEATWAVES HEAT-WAVE SEA-ICE GULF VARIABILITY HYDROGRAPHY TVARMINNE RECORD 1172 Environmental sciences Article publishedVersion 2022 ftunivhelsihelda 2023-12-14T00:14:12Z Long term coastal surface and sub-surface monitoring reveals that warm temperature extremes have intensified and cold extremes nearly vanished in the last decades, increasing baseline water temperature on the southwest coast of Finland. Global marine heatwave assessments often rely on satellite-derived sea surface temperature. However, these data have low accuracy in coastal areas, are unable to measure sub-surface temperatures and have only been available since the 1980s. Here, we analyse 90 years of in situ surface and bottom (30 m) water temperature data from a Finnish coastal monitoring site. Water temperatures were significantly higher between 1991-2020 than 1931-1960 and 1961-1990. We find strong differences between satellite-derived and in situ temperatures, with in situ temperatures being lower in autumn and winter and higher in spring. Measurements at the seafloor indicate marine heatwaves occurred during all seasons between 2016 and 2020, with intensities and durations exceeding previous records. Since the 1990s, we find an upward shift of the baseline temperature and increasingly frequent occurrence of temperatures previously considered as an extreme. Our findings highlight the importance of long-term in situ data and choice of climatological reference periods for assessing change. Peer reviewed Article in Journal/Newspaper Sea ice HELDA – University of Helsinki Open Repository Communications Earth & Environment 3 1
institution Open Polar
collection HELDA – University of Helsinki Open Repository
op_collection_id ftunivhelsihelda
language English
topic MARINE HEATWAVES
HEAT-WAVE
SEA-ICE
GULF
VARIABILITY
HYDROGRAPHY
TVARMINNE
RECORD
1172 Environmental sciences
spellingShingle MARINE HEATWAVES
HEAT-WAVE
SEA-ICE
GULF
VARIABILITY
HYDROGRAPHY
TVARMINNE
RECORD
1172 Environmental sciences
Goebeler, Norman
Norkko, Alf
Norkko, Joanna
Ninety years of coastal monitoring reveals baseline and extreme ocean temperatures are increasing off the Finnish coast
topic_facet MARINE HEATWAVES
HEAT-WAVE
SEA-ICE
GULF
VARIABILITY
HYDROGRAPHY
TVARMINNE
RECORD
1172 Environmental sciences
description Long term coastal surface and sub-surface monitoring reveals that warm temperature extremes have intensified and cold extremes nearly vanished in the last decades, increasing baseline water temperature on the southwest coast of Finland. Global marine heatwave assessments often rely on satellite-derived sea surface temperature. However, these data have low accuracy in coastal areas, are unable to measure sub-surface temperatures and have only been available since the 1980s. Here, we analyse 90 years of in situ surface and bottom (30 m) water temperature data from a Finnish coastal monitoring site. Water temperatures were significantly higher between 1991-2020 than 1931-1960 and 1961-1990. We find strong differences between satellite-derived and in situ temperatures, with in situ temperatures being lower in autumn and winter and higher in spring. Measurements at the seafloor indicate marine heatwaves occurred during all seasons between 2016 and 2020, with intensities and durations exceeding previous records. Since the 1990s, we find an upward shift of the baseline temperature and increasingly frequent occurrence of temperatures previously considered as an extreme. Our findings highlight the importance of long-term in situ data and choice of climatological reference periods for assessing change. Peer reviewed
author2 Biological stations
Tvärminne Zoological Station
Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme
Tvärminne Benthic Ecology Team
Marine Ecosystems Research Group
The Academic Outreach Network
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Goebeler, Norman
Norkko, Alf
Norkko, Joanna
author_facet Goebeler, Norman
Norkko, Alf
Norkko, Joanna
author_sort Goebeler, Norman
title Ninety years of coastal monitoring reveals baseline and extreme ocean temperatures are increasing off the Finnish coast
title_short Ninety years of coastal monitoring reveals baseline and extreme ocean temperatures are increasing off the Finnish coast
title_full Ninety years of coastal monitoring reveals baseline and extreme ocean temperatures are increasing off the Finnish coast
title_fullStr Ninety years of coastal monitoring reveals baseline and extreme ocean temperatures are increasing off the Finnish coast
title_full_unstemmed Ninety years of coastal monitoring reveals baseline and extreme ocean temperatures are increasing off the Finnish coast
title_sort ninety years of coastal monitoring reveals baseline and extreme ocean temperatures are increasing off the finnish coast
publisher Springer
publishDate 2022
url http://hdl.handle.net/10138/349492
genre Sea ice
genre_facet Sea ice
op_relation 10.1038/s43247-022-00545-z
We sincerely thank all the staff at Tvarminne Zoological Station and others who have contributed to the continuation of this monitoring time series for nearly a century, some even risking their lives on thin sea ice in winter (before the age of hovercrafts). We also thank Bo Gustafsson (University of Stockholm) and Judi Hewitt (University of Auckland) for their comments on the manuscript and advice on the analytical and statistical approach for analysing the data. This study was supported by Walter and Andree de Nottbeck Foundation (PhD grant to N.G.).
Goebeler , N , Norkko , A & Norkko , J 2022 , ' Ninety years of coastal monitoring reveals baseline and extreme ocean temperatures are increasing off the Finnish coast ' , Communications earth & environment , vol. 3 , 215 . https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00545-z
ORCID: /0000-0001-9885-8408/work/120006135
ORCID: /0000-0001-9164-5370/work/124445983
88d76f51-083e-4122-90bb-32f0b3e61460
http://hdl.handle.net/10138/349492
000855460400005
op_rights cc_by
openAccess
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
container_title Communications Earth & Environment
container_volume 3
container_issue 1
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