Impacts of permafrost degradation on infrastructure

• Published in: Nature Reviews Earth & Environment
• Main Authors: Hjort, Jan, Streletskiy, Dmitry, Dore, Guy, Wu, Qingbai, Bjella, Kevin, Luoto, Miska
• Other Authors: Division of Urban Geography and Regional Studies, Department of Geosciences and Geography, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), BioGeoClimate Modelling Lab
• Format: Review
• Language: English
• Published: Nature Research 2022
• Subjects: 1172 Environmental sciences; Ice; permafrost; Thermokarst
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/344541

The warming and thawing of ice-rich permafrost pose considerable threat to the integrity of polar and high-altitude infrastructure, in turn jeopardizing sustainable development. In this Review, we explore the extent and costs of observed and predicted infrastructure damage associated with permafrost degradation, and the methods available to mitigate such adverse consequences. Permafrost change imposes various threats to infrastructure, namely through warming, active layer thickening and thaw-related hazards such as thermokarst and mass wasting.These impacts, often linked to anthropogenic warming, are exacerbated through increased human activity. Observed infrastructure damage is substantial, with up to 80% of buildings in some Russian cities and -30% of some road surfaces in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau reporting damage. Under anthropogenic warming, infrastructure damage is projected to continue, with 30-50% of critical circumpolar infrastructure thought to be at high risk by 2050. Accordingly, permafrost degradation-related infrastructure costs could rise to tens of billions of US dollars by the second half of the century. Several mitigation techniques exist to alleviate these impacts, including convection embankments, thermosyphons and piling foundations, with proven success at preserving and cooling permafrost and stabilizing infrastructure. To be effective, however, better understanding is needed on the regions at high risk. Peer reviewed