Thermal structure and water-ice heat transfer in a shallow ice–covered thermokarst lake in central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
A large number of lakes and ponds are unevenly distributed over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Little is known about their ice processes and thermal regimes. Seasonal ice mass balance, thermal regime and stratification of under-ice water were investigated in a shallow thermokarst lake in central Q...
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2021
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ftunivhelsihelda:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/333987 2024-01-07T09:47:03+01:00 Thermal structure and water-ice heat transfer in a shallow ice–covered thermokarst lake in central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Huang, Wenfeng Zhang, Jinrong Leppäranta, Matti Li, Zhijun Cheng, Bin Lin, Zhanju Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) Department of Physics 2021-09-05T21:56:17Z 10 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10138/333987 eng eng Elsevier Scientific Publ. Co 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124122 Huang , W , Zhang , J , Leppäranta , M , Li , Z , Cheng , B & Lin , Z 2019 , ' Thermal structure and water-ice heat transfer in a shallow ice–covered thermokarst lake in central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ' , Journal of Hydrology , vol. 578 , 124122 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124122 RIS: urn:796C2B5CF72D916D178844D36CA3DA42 48c82bb0-c57a-4fea-9f4c-3f25f8fae575 http://hdl.handle.net/10138/333987 000497250200087 cc_by_nc_nd closedAccess info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess 1171 Geosciences Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Thermokarst lake Ice thickness Temperature Thermal stratification Ice-water heat flux Article submittedVersion 2021 ftunivhelsihelda 2023-12-14T00:08:23Z A large number of lakes and ponds are unevenly distributed over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Little is known about their ice processes and thermal regimes. Seasonal ice mass balance, thermal regime and stratification of under-ice water were investigated in a shallow thermokarst lake in central QTP using in situ observations and global reanalysis data. Congelation ice grew to 60–70 cm depth while continuous surface sublimation caused a total ice loss of over 30 cm. The bulk lake temperature below ice remained above 3.0 °C through the ice freezing period and rose gradually up to 7–9 °C during the melting period. The vertical thermal structure of under-ice water consisted of a stable strongly stratified interfacial layer (IL) and an underlying convective layer reaching the lake bottom. A warm layer existed just beneath the IL since the middle equilibrium period and increased in thickness and temperature. There was seasonal variation of IL depth and temperature gradient in response to the ice thermodynamics and atmospheric conditions. The calculated daily water-ice heat flux (Fw) was of 10 W m–2 magnitude. Seasonal variation of Fw manifested both diffusive and convective heat transport to the ice-water interface. This study suggests that strong penetration of solar radiative flux is the dominant contributor to high Fw, which results in a relatively thin ice compared with other equivalent high-latitude climate. Peer reviewed Article in Journal/Newspaper Thermokarst HELDA – University of Helsinki Open Repository Journal of Hydrology 578 124122 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
HELDA – University of Helsinki Open Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftunivhelsihelda |
language |
English |
topic |
1171 Geosciences Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Thermokarst lake Ice thickness Temperature Thermal stratification Ice-water heat flux |
spellingShingle |
1171 Geosciences Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Thermokarst lake Ice thickness Temperature Thermal stratification Ice-water heat flux Huang, Wenfeng Zhang, Jinrong Leppäranta, Matti Li, Zhijun Cheng, Bin Lin, Zhanju Thermal structure and water-ice heat transfer in a shallow ice–covered thermokarst lake in central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau |
topic_facet |
1171 Geosciences Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Thermokarst lake Ice thickness Temperature Thermal stratification Ice-water heat flux |
description |
A large number of lakes and ponds are unevenly distributed over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Little is known about their ice processes and thermal regimes. Seasonal ice mass balance, thermal regime and stratification of under-ice water were investigated in a shallow thermokarst lake in central QTP using in situ observations and global reanalysis data. Congelation ice grew to 60–70 cm depth while continuous surface sublimation caused a total ice loss of over 30 cm. The bulk lake temperature below ice remained above 3.0 °C through the ice freezing period and rose gradually up to 7–9 °C during the melting period. The vertical thermal structure of under-ice water consisted of a stable strongly stratified interfacial layer (IL) and an underlying convective layer reaching the lake bottom. A warm layer existed just beneath the IL since the middle equilibrium period and increased in thickness and temperature. There was seasonal variation of IL depth and temperature gradient in response to the ice thermodynamics and atmospheric conditions. The calculated daily water-ice heat flux (Fw) was of 10 W m–2 magnitude. Seasonal variation of Fw manifested both diffusive and convective heat transport to the ice-water interface. This study suggests that strong penetration of solar radiative flux is the dominant contributor to high Fw, which results in a relatively thin ice compared with other equivalent high-latitude climate. Peer reviewed |
author2 |
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) Department of Physics |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Huang, Wenfeng Zhang, Jinrong Leppäranta, Matti Li, Zhijun Cheng, Bin Lin, Zhanju |
author_facet |
Huang, Wenfeng Zhang, Jinrong Leppäranta, Matti Li, Zhijun Cheng, Bin Lin, Zhanju |
author_sort |
Huang, Wenfeng |
title |
Thermal structure and water-ice heat transfer in a shallow ice–covered thermokarst lake in central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau |
title_short |
Thermal structure and water-ice heat transfer in a shallow ice–covered thermokarst lake in central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau |
title_full |
Thermal structure and water-ice heat transfer in a shallow ice–covered thermokarst lake in central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau |
title_fullStr |
Thermal structure and water-ice heat transfer in a shallow ice–covered thermokarst lake in central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau |
title_full_unstemmed |
Thermal structure and water-ice heat transfer in a shallow ice–covered thermokarst lake in central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau |
title_sort |
thermal structure and water-ice heat transfer in a shallow ice–covered thermokarst lake in central qinghai-tibet plateau |
publisher |
Elsevier Scientific Publ. Co |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10138/333987 |
genre |
Thermokarst |
genre_facet |
Thermokarst |
op_relation |
10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124122 Huang , W , Zhang , J , Leppäranta , M , Li , Z , Cheng , B & Lin , Z 2019 , ' Thermal structure and water-ice heat transfer in a shallow ice–covered thermokarst lake in central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ' , Journal of Hydrology , vol. 578 , 124122 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124122 RIS: urn:796C2B5CF72D916D178844D36CA3DA42 48c82bb0-c57a-4fea-9f4c-3f25f8fae575 http://hdl.handle.net/10138/333987 000497250200087 |
op_rights |
cc_by_nc_nd closedAccess info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess |
container_title |
Journal of Hydrology |
container_volume |
578 |
container_start_page |
124122 |
_version_ |
1787429004670664704 |