Measurements of light transfer through drift ice and landfast ice in the northern Baltic Sea

The aim of this study was to investigate the light transfer through sea ice with a focus on bio-optical substances both in fast ice and in the drift ice zones in the northern Baltic Sea. The measurements included snow and ice structure, spectral irradiance and photo-synthetically active radiation be...

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Published in:Oceanologia
Main Authors: Kari, Elina, Jutila, Arttu, Friedrichs, Anna, Lepparanta, Matti, Kratzer, Susanne
Other Authors: Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), INAR Physics
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Polish Academy of Sciences 2021
Subjects:
1171 Geosciences
1172 Environmental sciences
Sea ice
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/10138/324241
id ftunivhelsihelda:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/324241
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institution Open Polar
collection HELDA – University of Helsinki Open Repository
op_collection_id ftunivhelsihelda
language English
topic 1171 Geosciences
1172 Environmental sciences
spellingShingle 1171 Geosciences
1172 Environmental sciences
Kari, Elina
Jutila, Arttu
Friedrichs, Anna
Lepparanta, Matti
Kratzer, Susanne
Measurements of light transfer through drift ice and landfast ice in the northern Baltic Sea
topic_facet 1171 Geosciences
1172 Environmental sciences
description The aim of this study was to investigate the light transfer through sea ice with a focus on bio-optical substances both in fast ice and in the drift ice zones in the northern Baltic Sea. The measurements included snow and ice structure, spectral irradiance and photo-synthetically active radiation below the sea ice. We also measured the concentrations of the three main bio-optical substances which are chlorophyll-a, suspended particulate matter, and coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM). These bio-optical substances were determined for melted ice samples and for the underlying sea water. The present study provides the first spectral light transfer data set for drift ice in the Baltic Sea. We found high CDOM absorption values typical to the Baltic Sea waters also within sea ice. Our results showed that the transmittance through bare ice was lower for the coastal fast ice than for the drift ice sites. Bio-optical substances, in particular CDOM, modified the spectral distribution of light penetrating through the ice cover. Differences in crystal structure and the amount of gas inclusions in the ice caused variation in the light transfer. Snow cover on ice was found to be the dominant factor influencing the light field under ice, confirming previous studies. In conclusion, snow cover dominated the amount of light under the ice, but did not modify its spectral composition. CDOM in the ice absorbs strongly in the short wavelengths. As pure water absorbs most in the long wavelengths, the light transfer through ice was highest in the green (549-585 nm). (C) 2020 Institute of Oceanology of Polish Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer reviewed
author2 Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)
INAR Physics
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Kari, Elina
Jutila, Arttu
Friedrichs, Anna
Lepparanta, Matti
Kratzer, Susanne
author_facet Kari, Elina
Jutila, Arttu
Friedrichs, Anna
Lepparanta, Matti
Kratzer, Susanne
author_sort Kari, Elina
title Measurements of light transfer through drift ice and landfast ice in the northern Baltic Sea
title_short Measurements of light transfer through drift ice and landfast ice in the northern Baltic Sea
title_full Measurements of light transfer through drift ice and landfast ice in the northern Baltic Sea
title_fullStr Measurements of light transfer through drift ice and landfast ice in the northern Baltic Sea
title_full_unstemmed Measurements of light transfer through drift ice and landfast ice in the northern Baltic Sea
title_sort measurements of light transfer through drift ice and landfast ice in the northern baltic sea
publisher Polish Academy of Sciences
publishDate 2021
url http://hdl.handle.net/10138/324241
genre Sea ice
genre_facet Sea ice
op_relation 10.1016/j.oceano.2020.04.001
This work was financially supported by the Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Science at Stockholm University, and by the Swedish National Space Agency [Dnr. 147/12], by Nordforsk [project ref. 80106], and by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) [grant number: 57212311]. Thanks to the marine monitoring group at UmeaUniversity and the Swedish Coast Guards on KBV181 for great support during field work. The Swedish Agency for Water and Marine Management as well as County Board Norrbotten provided financial support via the EU Interreg Nord project SEAmBOTH [contract no. 502-14063-2017]. We are grateful to Dr. Eero Rinne, the chief scientist of the sea ice cruise onboard r/v Aranda, for the possibility to join the scientific staff. We want to thank the Finnish Meteorological Institute for the facilities during the research cruise and the scientists at the Finnish Environment Institute for support both in preparations and during the cruise. We also thank professor Jukka Horppila at the Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological Environmental Sciences at the University of Helsinki, Finland, for lending the RAMSES instrument for our field campaign onboard r/v Aranda. We thank laboratory technician Kathrin Dietrich at the Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment at the Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Germany, for the gravimetrical analysis of the SPM samples collected during the r/v Aranda cruise. The access to the facilities at the UmeaMarine Research Centre and the support from the station's staffare gratefully acknowledged, as well as the help by Maija Jauhiainen during the field campaign in Umea. We thank Stefan Svensson at the Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Science at Stockholm University, Sweden, for the fast ice salinity measurements.
Kari , E , Jutila , A , Friedrichs , A , Lepparanta , M & Kratzer , S 2020 , ' Measurements of light transfer through drift ice and landfast ice in the northern Baltic Sea ' , Oceanologia , vol. 62 , no. 3 , pp. 347-363 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceano.2020.04.001
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spelling ftunivhelsihelda:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/324241 2024-01-07T09:46:37+01:00 Measurements of light transfer through drift ice and landfast ice in the northern Baltic Sea Kari, Elina Jutila, Arttu Friedrichs, Anna Lepparanta, Matti Kratzer, Susanne Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) INAR Physics 2021-01-07T16:06:01Z 17 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10138/324241 eng eng Polish Academy of Sciences 10.1016/j.oceano.2020.04.001 This work was financially supported by the Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Science at Stockholm University, and by the Swedish National Space Agency [Dnr. 147/12], by Nordforsk [project ref. 80106], and by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) [grant number: 57212311]. Thanks to the marine monitoring group at UmeaUniversity and the Swedish Coast Guards on KBV181 for great support during field work. The Swedish Agency for Water and Marine Management as well as County Board Norrbotten provided financial support via the EU Interreg Nord project SEAmBOTH [contract no. 502-14063-2017]. We are grateful to Dr. Eero Rinne, the chief scientist of the sea ice cruise onboard r/v Aranda, for the possibility to join the scientific staff. We want to thank the Finnish Meteorological Institute for the facilities during the research cruise and the scientists at the Finnish Environment Institute for support both in preparations and during the cruise. We also thank professor Jukka Horppila at the Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological Environmental Sciences at the University of Helsinki, Finland, for lending the RAMSES instrument for our field campaign onboard r/v Aranda. We thank laboratory technician Kathrin Dietrich at the Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment at the Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Germany, for the gravimetrical analysis of the SPM samples collected during the r/v Aranda cruise. The access to the facilities at the UmeaMarine Research Centre and the support from the station's staffare gratefully acknowledged, as well as the help by Maija Jauhiainen during the field campaign in Umea. We thank Stefan Svensson at the Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Science at Stockholm University, Sweden, for the fast ice salinity measurements. Kari , E , Jutila , A , Friedrichs , A , Lepparanta , M & Kratzer , S 2020 , ' Measurements of light transfer through drift ice and landfast ice in the northern Baltic Sea ' , Oceanologia , vol. 62 , no. 3 , pp. 347-363 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceano.2020.04.001 ORCID: /0000-0001-6115-1687/work/86487388 ORCID: /0000-0002-0861-3341/work/86488665 4adb834e-d95c-46df-9c0f-98dde549e8a2 http://hdl.handle.net/10138/324241 000547336400007 cc_by_nc_nd openAccess info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess 1171 Geosciences 1172 Environmental sciences Article publishedVersion 2021 ftunivhelsihelda 2023-12-14T00:08:51Z The aim of this study was to investigate the light transfer through sea ice with a focus on bio-optical substances both in fast ice and in the drift ice zones in the northern Baltic Sea. The measurements included snow and ice structure, spectral irradiance and photo-synthetically active radiation below the sea ice. We also measured the concentrations of the three main bio-optical substances which are chlorophyll-a, suspended particulate matter, and coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM). These bio-optical substances were determined for melted ice samples and for the underlying sea water. The present study provides the first spectral light transfer data set for drift ice in the Baltic Sea. We found high CDOM absorption values typical to the Baltic Sea waters also within sea ice. Our results showed that the transmittance through bare ice was lower for the coastal fast ice than for the drift ice sites. Bio-optical substances, in particular CDOM, modified the spectral distribution of light penetrating through the ice cover. Differences in crystal structure and the amount of gas inclusions in the ice caused variation in the light transfer. Snow cover on ice was found to be the dominant factor influencing the light field under ice, confirming previous studies. In conclusion, snow cover dominated the amount of light under the ice, but did not modify its spectral composition. CDOM in the ice absorbs strongly in the short wavelengths. As pure water absorbs most in the long wavelengths, the light transfer through ice was highest in the green (549-585 nm). (C) 2020 Institute of Oceanology of Polish Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer reviewed Article in Journal/Newspaper Sea ice HELDA – University of Helsinki Open Repository Oceanologia 62 3 347 363

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