Review on winds, extratropical cyclones and their impacts in Northern Europe and Finland
Strong winds caused by powerful extratropical cyclones are one of the most dangerous and damaging weather phenomena in Northern Europe. Stormy winds can generate extreme waves and rise the sea level, which leads occasionally to storm surges in coastal areas. In land areas, strong winds can cause ext...
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Finnish Meteorological Institute
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ftunivhelsihelda:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/320298 2023-08-20T04:08:35+02:00 Review on winds, extratropical cyclones and their impacts in Northern Europe and Finland Gregow, Hilppa Rantanen, Mika Laurila, Terhi K. Mäkelä, Antti 2020-10-14T11:54:23Z application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10138/320298 eng eng Finnish Meteorological Institute Raportteja - Rapporter - Reports 2020:3 0782-6079 978-952-336-118-8 http://hdl.handle.net/10138/320298 wind climate change climate Other 2020 ftunivhelsihelda 2023-07-28T06:30:00Z Strong winds caused by powerful extratropical cyclones are one of the most dangerous and damaging weather phenomena in Northern Europe. Stormy winds can generate extreme waves and rise the sea level, which leads occasionally to storm surges in coastal areas. In land areas, strong winds can cause extensive forest damage. In general, windstorms induce annually significant damage for society. Moreover, due to climate change, the frequency and the impacts caused by the windstorms is changing. In this report, we introduce a literature review on the occurrence of strong winds, extratropical cyclones and their impacts in Northern Europe. We present the most important findings on both past trends and current climate on wind speeds and extratropical cyclones based on in-situ measurements and reanalysis data. We also briefly analyse impacts caused by extreme convective weather. Furthermore, we aim to respond to the question on how the wind climate in Northern Europe is going to change in the future under climate change. The decadal changes in the frequency of extratropical cyclones in Northern Europe follows the changes in the storm track regions. Regarding the past climate, confident estimates of the past trends are difficult to make due to inhomogeneities in the number and type of assimilated wind speeds into reanalysis data. Based on homogenized in-situ observations, the wind climatology in 1959-2015 in Finland shows a slight downward trend, but no trend is evident in the number of potential forest damage days in Finland. Possible change points are however detected for wind speeds and the impacts. Forest damage is not only a function of wind speeds but also the environmental factors, such as the amount of frost in the ground, play a role. In the future, the strongest signal in Northern Europe for slightly increasing wind speeds is in the autumn while other seasons do not show remarkable trends. It has been shown that the total number of the strongest windstorms are projected to decrease in the North Atlantic and ... Other/Unknown Material North Atlantic Helsingfors Universitet: HELDA – Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto |
institution |
Open Polar |
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Helsingfors Universitet: HELDA – Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto |
op_collection_id |
ftunivhelsihelda |
language |
English |
topic |
wind climate change climate |
spellingShingle |
wind climate change climate Gregow, Hilppa Rantanen, Mika Laurila, Terhi K. Mäkelä, Antti Review on winds, extratropical cyclones and their impacts in Northern Europe and Finland |
topic_facet |
wind climate change climate |
description |
Strong winds caused by powerful extratropical cyclones are one of the most dangerous and damaging weather phenomena in Northern Europe. Stormy winds can generate extreme waves and rise the sea level, which leads occasionally to storm surges in coastal areas. In land areas, strong winds can cause extensive forest damage. In general, windstorms induce annually significant damage for society. Moreover, due to climate change, the frequency and the impacts caused by the windstorms is changing. In this report, we introduce a literature review on the occurrence of strong winds, extratropical cyclones and their impacts in Northern Europe. We present the most important findings on both past trends and current climate on wind speeds and extratropical cyclones based on in-situ measurements and reanalysis data. We also briefly analyse impacts caused by extreme convective weather. Furthermore, we aim to respond to the question on how the wind climate in Northern Europe is going to change in the future under climate change. The decadal changes in the frequency of extratropical cyclones in Northern Europe follows the changes in the storm track regions. Regarding the past climate, confident estimates of the past trends are difficult to make due to inhomogeneities in the number and type of assimilated wind speeds into reanalysis data. Based on homogenized in-situ observations, the wind climatology in 1959-2015 in Finland shows a slight downward trend, but no trend is evident in the number of potential forest damage days in Finland. Possible change points are however detected for wind speeds and the impacts. Forest damage is not only a function of wind speeds but also the environmental factors, such as the amount of frost in the ground, play a role. In the future, the strongest signal in Northern Europe for slightly increasing wind speeds is in the autumn while other seasons do not show remarkable trends. It has been shown that the total number of the strongest windstorms are projected to decrease in the North Atlantic and ... |
format |
Other/Unknown Material |
author |
Gregow, Hilppa Rantanen, Mika Laurila, Terhi K. Mäkelä, Antti |
author_facet |
Gregow, Hilppa Rantanen, Mika Laurila, Terhi K. Mäkelä, Antti |
author_sort |
Gregow, Hilppa |
title |
Review on winds, extratropical cyclones and their impacts in Northern Europe and Finland |
title_short |
Review on winds, extratropical cyclones and their impacts in Northern Europe and Finland |
title_full |
Review on winds, extratropical cyclones and their impacts in Northern Europe and Finland |
title_fullStr |
Review on winds, extratropical cyclones and their impacts in Northern Europe and Finland |
title_full_unstemmed |
Review on winds, extratropical cyclones and their impacts in Northern Europe and Finland |
title_sort |
review on winds, extratropical cyclones and their impacts in northern europe and finland |
publisher |
Finnish Meteorological Institute |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10138/320298 |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_relation |
Raportteja - Rapporter - Reports 2020:3 0782-6079 978-952-336-118-8 http://hdl.handle.net/10138/320298 |
_version_ |
1774720921391595520 |