High-quality eddy-covariance CO2 budgets under cold climate conditions
This study aimed at quantifying potential negative effects of instrument heating to improve eddy-covariance flux data quality in cold environments. Our overarching objective was to minimize heating-related bias in annual CO2 budgets from an Arctic permafrost system. We used continuous eddy-covarianc...
Published in: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
American Geophysical Union
2019
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10138/307196 |
id |
ftunivhelsihelda:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/307196 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
HELDA – University of Helsinki Open Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftunivhelsihelda |
language |
English |
topic |
PATH GAS ANALYZERS CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUX MEASUREMENTS NET ECOSYSTEM SONIC ANEMOMETER ARCTIC TUNDRA EXCHANGE BALANCE RESPIRATION HEAT 114 Physical sciences 1172 Environmental sciences |
spellingShingle |
PATH GAS ANALYZERS CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUX MEASUREMENTS NET ECOSYSTEM SONIC ANEMOMETER ARCTIC TUNDRA EXCHANGE BALANCE RESPIRATION HEAT 114 Physical sciences 1172 Environmental sciences Kittler, Fanny Eugster, Werner Foken, Thomas Heimann, Martin Kolle, Olaf Göckede, Mathias High-quality eddy-covariance CO2 budgets under cold climate conditions |
topic_facet |
PATH GAS ANALYZERS CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUX MEASUREMENTS NET ECOSYSTEM SONIC ANEMOMETER ARCTIC TUNDRA EXCHANGE BALANCE RESPIRATION HEAT 114 Physical sciences 1172 Environmental sciences |
description |
This study aimed at quantifying potential negative effects of instrument heating to improve eddy-covariance flux data quality in cold environments. Our overarching objective was to minimize heating-related bias in annual CO2 budgets from an Arctic permafrost system. We used continuous eddy-covariance measurements covering three full years within an Arctic permafrost ecosystem with parallel sonic anemometers operation with activated heating and without heating as well as parallel operation of open- and closed-path gas analyzers, the latter serving as a reference. Our results demonstrate that the sonic anemometer heating has a direct effect on temperature measurements while the turbulent wind field is not affected. As a consequence, fluxes of sensible heat are increased by an average 5 W m(-2) with activated heating, while no direct effect on other scalar fluxes was observed. However, the biased measurements in sensible heat fluxes can have an indirect effect on the CO2 fluxes in case they are used as input for a density-flux WPL correction of an open-path gas analyzer. Evaluating the self-heating effect of the open-path gas analyzer by comparing CO2 flux measurements between open- and closed-path gas analyzers, we found systematically higher CO2 uptake recorded with the open-path sensor, leading to a cumulative annual offset of 96 g Cm-2, which was not only the result of the cold winter season but also due to substantial self-heating effects during summer. With an inclined sensor mounting, only a fraction of the self-heating correction for vertically mounted instruments is required. Peer reviewed |
author2 |
Department of Physics INAR Physics |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Kittler, Fanny Eugster, Werner Foken, Thomas Heimann, Martin Kolle, Olaf Göckede, Mathias |
author_facet |
Kittler, Fanny Eugster, Werner Foken, Thomas Heimann, Martin Kolle, Olaf Göckede, Mathias |
author_sort |
Kittler, Fanny |
title |
High-quality eddy-covariance CO2 budgets under cold climate conditions |
title_short |
High-quality eddy-covariance CO2 budgets under cold climate conditions |
title_full |
High-quality eddy-covariance CO2 budgets under cold climate conditions |
title_fullStr |
High-quality eddy-covariance CO2 budgets under cold climate conditions |
title_full_unstemmed |
High-quality eddy-covariance CO2 budgets under cold climate conditions |
title_sort |
high-quality eddy-covariance co2 budgets under cold climate conditions |
publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10138/307196 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic permafrost Tundra |
genre_facet |
Arctic permafrost Tundra |
op_relation |
10.1002/2017JG003830 This work was supported by the Max-Planck Society, the European Commission (PAGE21 project, FP7-ENV-2011, grant agreement 282700, and PerCCOM project, FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG, grant agreement PCIG12-GA-201-333796), the German Ministry of Education and Research (CarboPerm-Project, BMBF grant 03G0836G), the AXA Research Fund (PDOC_2012_W2 campaign, ARF fellowship M. Gockede), and the European Science Foundation (ESF for the activity "Tall tower and surface research network for verification of climate relevant emissions of human origin", Short Visit Grant, fellowship F. Kittler). The authors appreciate the efforts of NESS staff members, especially Galina Zimova and Nastya Zimova, for organizing field work; they also recognize the team from the Field Experiments and Instrumentation group (MPI-BGC), especially Martin Hertel, for supporting field work. We applied first-last-author-emphasis and equal-contribution (alphabetical sequence) methods for the order of authors [Tscharntke et al., 2007]. We thank one anonymous referee and Georg Burba for their valuable feedback and helpful comments and suggestions that strongly improved our manuscript. Data are available from the European Fluxes Database Cluster (http://www.europe-fluxdata.eu/home), site-code "RU-Ch 2 ," with following options for the CO 2 flux: open-path gas data without the self-heating correction and open-path data with the self-heating correction and closed-path data. Kittler , F , Eugster , W , Foken , T , Heimann , M , Kolle , O & Göckede , M 2017 , ' High-quality eddy-covariance CO2 budgets under cold climate conditions ' , Journal of Geophysical Research : Biogeosciences , vol. 122 , no. 8 , pp. 2064-2084 . https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG003830 ORCID: /0000-0001-6296-5113/work/39205988 85029149920 c78d1a10-25d1-4ca3-80de-382b8f0b9840 http://hdl.handle.net/10138/307196 000410174100012 |
op_rights |
cc_by_nc_sa openAccess info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences |
container_volume |
122 |
container_issue |
8 |
container_start_page |
2064 |
op_container_end_page |
2084 |
_version_ |
1787422222668791808 |
spelling |
ftunivhelsihelda:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/307196 2024-01-07T09:41:25+01:00 High-quality eddy-covariance CO2 budgets under cold climate conditions Kittler, Fanny Eugster, Werner Foken, Thomas Heimann, Martin Kolle, Olaf Göckede, Mathias Department of Physics INAR Physics 2019-11-21T14:54:01Z 21 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10138/307196 eng eng American Geophysical Union 10.1002/2017JG003830 This work was supported by the Max-Planck Society, the European Commission (PAGE21 project, FP7-ENV-2011, grant agreement 282700, and PerCCOM project, FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG, grant agreement PCIG12-GA-201-333796), the German Ministry of Education and Research (CarboPerm-Project, BMBF grant 03G0836G), the AXA Research Fund (PDOC_2012_W2 campaign, ARF fellowship M. Gockede), and the European Science Foundation (ESF for the activity "Tall tower and surface research network for verification of climate relevant emissions of human origin", Short Visit Grant, fellowship F. Kittler). The authors appreciate the efforts of NESS staff members, especially Galina Zimova and Nastya Zimova, for organizing field work; they also recognize the team from the Field Experiments and Instrumentation group (MPI-BGC), especially Martin Hertel, for supporting field work. We applied first-last-author-emphasis and equal-contribution (alphabetical sequence) methods for the order of authors [Tscharntke et al., 2007]. We thank one anonymous referee and Georg Burba for their valuable feedback and helpful comments and suggestions that strongly improved our manuscript. Data are available from the European Fluxes Database Cluster (http://www.europe-fluxdata.eu/home), site-code "RU-Ch 2 ," with following options for the CO 2 flux: open-path gas data without the self-heating correction and open-path data with the self-heating correction and closed-path data. Kittler , F , Eugster , W , Foken , T , Heimann , M , Kolle , O & Göckede , M 2017 , ' High-quality eddy-covariance CO2 budgets under cold climate conditions ' , Journal of Geophysical Research : Biogeosciences , vol. 122 , no. 8 , pp. 2064-2084 . https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG003830 ORCID: /0000-0001-6296-5113/work/39205988 85029149920 c78d1a10-25d1-4ca3-80de-382b8f0b9840 http://hdl.handle.net/10138/307196 000410174100012 cc_by_nc_sa openAccess info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess PATH GAS ANALYZERS CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUX MEASUREMENTS NET ECOSYSTEM SONIC ANEMOMETER ARCTIC TUNDRA EXCHANGE BALANCE RESPIRATION HEAT 114 Physical sciences 1172 Environmental sciences Article publishedVersion 2019 ftunivhelsihelda 2023-12-14T00:03:58Z This study aimed at quantifying potential negative effects of instrument heating to improve eddy-covariance flux data quality in cold environments. Our overarching objective was to minimize heating-related bias in annual CO2 budgets from an Arctic permafrost system. We used continuous eddy-covariance measurements covering three full years within an Arctic permafrost ecosystem with parallel sonic anemometers operation with activated heating and without heating as well as parallel operation of open- and closed-path gas analyzers, the latter serving as a reference. Our results demonstrate that the sonic anemometer heating has a direct effect on temperature measurements while the turbulent wind field is not affected. As a consequence, fluxes of sensible heat are increased by an average 5 W m(-2) with activated heating, while no direct effect on other scalar fluxes was observed. However, the biased measurements in sensible heat fluxes can have an indirect effect on the CO2 fluxes in case they are used as input for a density-flux WPL correction of an open-path gas analyzer. Evaluating the self-heating effect of the open-path gas analyzer by comparing CO2 flux measurements between open- and closed-path gas analyzers, we found systematically higher CO2 uptake recorded with the open-path sensor, leading to a cumulative annual offset of 96 g Cm-2, which was not only the result of the cold winter season but also due to substantial self-heating effects during summer. With an inclined sensor mounting, only a fraction of the self-heating correction for vertically mounted instruments is required. Peer reviewed Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic permafrost Tundra HELDA – University of Helsinki Open Repository Arctic Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 122 8 2064 2084 |