High Emissions of Carbon Dioxide and Methane From the Coastal Baltic Sea at the End of a Summer Heat Wave
The summer heat wave in 2018 led to the highest recorded water temperatures since 1926 – up to 21 C – in bottom coastal waters of the Baltic Sea, with implications for the respiration patterns in these shallow coastal systems. We applied cavity ring-down spectrometer measurements to continuously mo...
Published in: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10138/304994 |
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ftunivhelsihelda:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/304994 2024-01-07T09:42:03+01:00 High Emissions of Carbon Dioxide and Methane From the Coastal Baltic Sea at the End of a Summer Heat Wave Humborg, Christoph Geibel, Marc. C. Sun, Xiaole McCrackin, Michelle Mörth, Carl-Magnus Stranne, Christian Jakobsson, Martin Gustafsson, Bo Sokolov, Alexander Norkko, Alf Norkko, Joanna Tvärminne Zoological Station Marine Ecosystems Research Group Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme Tvärminne Benthic Ecology Team 2019-08-28T10:41:01Z 14 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10138/304994 eng eng Frontiers Media 10.3389/fmars.2019.00493 Humborg , C , Geibel , M C , Sun , X , McCrackin , M , Mörth , C-M , Stranne , C , Jakobsson , M , Gustafsson , B , Sokolov , A , Norkko , A & Norkko , J 2019 , ' High Emissions of Carbon Dioxide and Methane From the Coastal Baltic Sea at the End of a Summer Heat Wave ' , Frontiers in Marine Science , vol. 6 , 493 . https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00493 RIS: urn:D850D3E296F6A8503A62F2A88E36AA96 ORCID: /0000-0001-9885-8408/work/61110309 0291465d-0471-47c3-b299-b2e70c488957 http://hdl.handle.net/10138/304994 000479074200001 cc_by openAccess info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CO2 DYNAMICS EXCHANGE FLUXES ORGANIC-CARBON SUPERSATURATION SYSTEMS TERRESTRIAL TRANSPORT WATER COLUMN carbon dioxide heat wave methane sea-air fluxes shallow coastal areas 1172 Environmental sciences Article publishedVersion 2019 ftunivhelsihelda 2023-12-14T00:02:43Z The summer heat wave in 2018 led to the highest recorded water temperatures since 1926 – up to 21 C – in bottom coastal waters of the Baltic Sea, with implications for the respiration patterns in these shallow coastal systems. We applied cavity ring-down spectrometer measurements to continuously monitor carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) surface-water concentrations, covering the coastal archipelagos of Sweden and Finland and the open and deeper parts of the Northern Baltic Proper. This allowed us to i) follow an upwelling event near the Swedish coast leading to elevated CO2 and moderate CH4 outgassing, and ii) to estimate CH4 sources and fluxes along the coast by investigating water column inventories and air-sea fluxes during a storm and an associated downwelling event. At the end of the heat wave, before the storm event, we found elevated CO2 (1583 µatm) and CH4 (70 nmol/L) concentrations. During the storm, a massive CO2 sea-air flux of up to 274 mmol m-2 d-1 was observed. While water-column CO2 concentrations were depleted during several hours of the storm, CH4 concentrations remained elevated. Overall, we found a positive relationship between CO2 and CH4 wind-driven sea-air fluxes, however, the highest CH4 fluxes were observed at low winds whereas highest CO2 fluxes were during peak winds, suggesting different sources and processes controlling their fluxes besides wind. We applied a box-model approach to estimate the CH4 supply needed to sustain these elevated CH4 concentrations and the results suggest a large source flux of CH4 to the water column of 2.5 mmol m-2 d-1. These results are qualitatively supported by acoustic observations of vigorous and widespread outgassing from the sediments, with flares that could be traced throughout the water column penetrating the pycnocline and reaching the sea surface. The results suggest that the heat wave triggered CO2 and CH4 fluxes in the coastal zones that are comparable with maximum emission rates found in other hot spots, such as boreal and arctic lakes and ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic HELDA – University of Helsinki Open Repository Arctic Frontiers in Marine Science 6 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
HELDA – University of Helsinki Open Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftunivhelsihelda |
language |
English |
topic |
CO2 DYNAMICS EXCHANGE FLUXES ORGANIC-CARBON SUPERSATURATION SYSTEMS TERRESTRIAL TRANSPORT WATER COLUMN carbon dioxide heat wave methane sea-air fluxes shallow coastal areas 1172 Environmental sciences |
spellingShingle |
CO2 DYNAMICS EXCHANGE FLUXES ORGANIC-CARBON SUPERSATURATION SYSTEMS TERRESTRIAL TRANSPORT WATER COLUMN carbon dioxide heat wave methane sea-air fluxes shallow coastal areas 1172 Environmental sciences Humborg, Christoph Geibel, Marc. C. Sun, Xiaole McCrackin, Michelle Mörth, Carl-Magnus Stranne, Christian Jakobsson, Martin Gustafsson, Bo Sokolov, Alexander Norkko, Alf Norkko, Joanna High Emissions of Carbon Dioxide and Methane From the Coastal Baltic Sea at the End of a Summer Heat Wave |
topic_facet |
CO2 DYNAMICS EXCHANGE FLUXES ORGANIC-CARBON SUPERSATURATION SYSTEMS TERRESTRIAL TRANSPORT WATER COLUMN carbon dioxide heat wave methane sea-air fluxes shallow coastal areas 1172 Environmental sciences |
description |
The summer heat wave in 2018 led to the highest recorded water temperatures since 1926 – up to 21 C – in bottom coastal waters of the Baltic Sea, with implications for the respiration patterns in these shallow coastal systems. We applied cavity ring-down spectrometer measurements to continuously monitor carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) surface-water concentrations, covering the coastal archipelagos of Sweden and Finland and the open and deeper parts of the Northern Baltic Proper. This allowed us to i) follow an upwelling event near the Swedish coast leading to elevated CO2 and moderate CH4 outgassing, and ii) to estimate CH4 sources and fluxes along the coast by investigating water column inventories and air-sea fluxes during a storm and an associated downwelling event. At the end of the heat wave, before the storm event, we found elevated CO2 (1583 µatm) and CH4 (70 nmol/L) concentrations. During the storm, a massive CO2 sea-air flux of up to 274 mmol m-2 d-1 was observed. While water-column CO2 concentrations were depleted during several hours of the storm, CH4 concentrations remained elevated. Overall, we found a positive relationship between CO2 and CH4 wind-driven sea-air fluxes, however, the highest CH4 fluxes were observed at low winds whereas highest CO2 fluxes were during peak winds, suggesting different sources and processes controlling their fluxes besides wind. We applied a box-model approach to estimate the CH4 supply needed to sustain these elevated CH4 concentrations and the results suggest a large source flux of CH4 to the water column of 2.5 mmol m-2 d-1. These results are qualitatively supported by acoustic observations of vigorous and widespread outgassing from the sediments, with flares that could be traced throughout the water column penetrating the pycnocline and reaching the sea surface. The results suggest that the heat wave triggered CO2 and CH4 fluxes in the coastal zones that are comparable with maximum emission rates found in other hot spots, such as boreal and arctic lakes and ... |
author2 |
Tvärminne Zoological Station Marine Ecosystems Research Group Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme Tvärminne Benthic Ecology Team |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Humborg, Christoph Geibel, Marc. C. Sun, Xiaole McCrackin, Michelle Mörth, Carl-Magnus Stranne, Christian Jakobsson, Martin Gustafsson, Bo Sokolov, Alexander Norkko, Alf Norkko, Joanna |
author_facet |
Humborg, Christoph Geibel, Marc. C. Sun, Xiaole McCrackin, Michelle Mörth, Carl-Magnus Stranne, Christian Jakobsson, Martin Gustafsson, Bo Sokolov, Alexander Norkko, Alf Norkko, Joanna |
author_sort |
Humborg, Christoph |
title |
High Emissions of Carbon Dioxide and Methane From the Coastal Baltic Sea at the End of a Summer Heat Wave |
title_short |
High Emissions of Carbon Dioxide and Methane From the Coastal Baltic Sea at the End of a Summer Heat Wave |
title_full |
High Emissions of Carbon Dioxide and Methane From the Coastal Baltic Sea at the End of a Summer Heat Wave |
title_fullStr |
High Emissions of Carbon Dioxide and Methane From the Coastal Baltic Sea at the End of a Summer Heat Wave |
title_full_unstemmed |
High Emissions of Carbon Dioxide and Methane From the Coastal Baltic Sea at the End of a Summer Heat Wave |
title_sort |
high emissions of carbon dioxide and methane from the coastal baltic sea at the end of a summer heat wave |
publisher |
Frontiers Media |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10138/304994 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_relation |
10.3389/fmars.2019.00493 Humborg , C , Geibel , M C , Sun , X , McCrackin , M , Mörth , C-M , Stranne , C , Jakobsson , M , Gustafsson , B , Sokolov , A , Norkko , A & Norkko , J 2019 , ' High Emissions of Carbon Dioxide and Methane From the Coastal Baltic Sea at the End of a Summer Heat Wave ' , Frontiers in Marine Science , vol. 6 , 493 . https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00493 RIS: urn:D850D3E296F6A8503A62F2A88E36AA96 ORCID: /0000-0001-9885-8408/work/61110309 0291465d-0471-47c3-b299-b2e70c488957 http://hdl.handle.net/10138/304994 000479074200001 |
op_rights |
cc_by openAccess info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
6 |
_version_ |
1787422901355413504 |