A Migratory Divide Among Red-Necked Phalaropes in the Western Palearctic Reveals Contrasting Migration and Wintering Movement Strategies

• Published in: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
• Main Authors: van Bemmelen, Rob S. A., Kolbeinsson, Yann, Ramos, Raül, Gilg, Olivier, Alves, José A., Smith, Malcolm, Schekkerman, Hans, Lehikoinen, Aleksi, Petersen, Ib Krag, Þórisson, Böðvar, Sokolov, Aleksandr A., Välimäki, Kaisa, van der Meer, Tim, Okill, J. David, Bolton, Mark, Moe, Børge, Hanssen, Sveinn Are, Bollache, Loïc, Petersen, Aevar, Thorstensen, Sverrir, González-Solís, Jacob, Klaassen, Raymond H. G., Tulp, Ingrid
• Other Authors: Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Zoology, Finnish Museum of Natural History, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers Media 2019
• Subjects: 1181 Ecology; evolutionary biology; flexibility; itinerancy; migration strategy; Phalaropus lo batus; plasticity; red-necked phalarope; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BREEDING MOVEMENTS; SEXUAL SELECTION; BIRD MIGRATION; SITE FIDELITY; ARRIVAL TIMES; LOBATUS; LONG; CONSEQUENCES; ROUTES; Indian; Pacific; Fennoscandia; Fennoscandian; North Atlantic; Phalaropus lobatus; Red-necked Phalarope
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/302030

Non-breeding movement strategies of migratory birds may be expected to be flexibly adjusted to the distribution and quality of habitat, but only few studies compare movement strategies between populations using distinct migration routes and wintering areas. In thisour study, individual movement strategies of Rred-necked pPhalaropes Phalaropus lobatus, a long-distance migratory wader using saline waters in the non-breeding period, were studied using light-level geolocators. Results revealed the existence of two populations with distinct migration routes and wintering areas: one breeding in the north-eastern North Atlantic and migrating ca. 10,000 km oversea to the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean and the other breeding in Fennoscandia and Russia migrating ca. 6,000 km – largely over land – to the Arabian Sea (Indian Ocean). In line with our expectations, the transoceanic migration between the North Atlantic and the Pacific was associated with proportionately longer wings, a more even spread of stopovers in autumn and a higher migration speed in spring compared to the migration between Fennoscandian-Russian breeding grounds and the Arabian Sea. In the wintering period, birds wintering in the Pacific were stationaryresided in roughly a singlethe same area, whereas individuals wintering in the Arabian Sea showed individually consistent movementsd extensively between different areas, reflecting differences in spatio-temporal variation in primary productivity between the two wintering areas. Our study is unique in showing how habitat distribution shapes movement strategies over the entire non-breeding period within a species. Peer reviewed