Solar superstorm of AD 774 recorded subannually by Arctic tree rings
Recently, a rapid increase in radiocarbon (14C) was observed in Japanese tree rings at AD 774/775. Various explanations for the anomaly have been offered, such as a supernova, a γ-ray burst, a cometary impact, or an exceptionally large Solar Particle Event (SPE). However, evidence of the origin and...
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ftunivhelsihelda:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/241214 2024-04-21T07:54:21+00:00 Solar superstorm of AD 774 recorded subannually by Arctic tree rings Uusitalo, J. Arppe, L. Hackman, T. Helama, S. Kovaltsov, G. Mielikäinen, K. Mäkinen, H. Nöjd, P. Palonen, V. Usoskin, I. Oinonen, M. Finnish Museum of Natural History Natural Sciences Unit Department of Physics Stable Isotope Systematics 2018-09-06T08:27:01Z 8 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10138/241214 eng eng Nature Publishing Group 10.1038/s41467-018-05883-1 Unknown funder Uusitalo , J , Arppe , L , Hackman , T , Helama , S , Kovaltsov , G , Mielikäinen , K , Mäkinen , H , Nöjd , P , Palonen , V , Usoskin , I & Oinonen , M 2018 , ' Solar superstorm of AD 774 recorded subannually by Arctic tree rings ' , Nature Communications , vol. 9 , no. 1 , 3495 . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05883-1 RIS: urn:38B64015284D3BEB578DEF4F89FD568B ORCID: /0000-0002-0881-7643/work/48202295 ORCID: /0000-0001-9589-7989/work/48202304 ORCID: /0000-0002-1412-2610/work/48203737 ORCID: /0000-0001-6944-0264/work/48204433 ORCID: /0000-0003-4445-6096/work/90051668 http://hdl.handle.net/10138/241214 9b64f0fd-3f22-4abf-95cd-78b10b650c59 85052370453 000442909900002 cc_by info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess openAccess 115 Astronomy Space science FINNISH LAPLAND C-14 ATMOSPHERE INCREASE BE-10 RADIOCARBON TROPOPAUSE SIGNALS CARBON MODEL Article publishedVersion 2018 ftunivhelsihelda 2024-03-27T17:50:07Z Recently, a rapid increase in radiocarbon (14C) was observed in Japanese tree rings at AD 774/775. Various explanations for the anomaly have been offered, such as a supernova, a γ-ray burst, a cometary impact, or an exceptionally large Solar Particle Event (SPE). However, evidence of the origin and exact timing of the event remains incomplete. In particular, a key issue of latitudinal dependence of the 14C intensity has not been addressed yet. Here, we show that the event was most likely caused by the Sun and occurred during the spring of AD 774. Particularly, the event intensities from various locations show a strong correlation with the latitude, demonstrating a particle-induced 14C poleward increase, in accord with the solar origin of the event. Furthermore, both annual 14C data and carbon cycle modelling, and separate earlywood and latewood 14C measurements, confine the photosynthetic carbon fixation to around the midsummer. Recently, a rapid increase in radiocarbon (C-14) was observed in Japanese tree rings at AD 774/775. Various explanations for the anomaly have been offered, such as a supernova, a gamma-ray burst, a cometary impact, or an exceptionally large Solar Particle Event (SPE). However, evidence of the origin and exact timing of the event remains incomplete. In particular, a key issue of latitudinal dependence of the C-14 intensity has not been addressed yet. Here, we show that the event was most likely caused by the Sun and occurred during the spring of AD 774. Particularly, the event intensities from various locations show a strong correlation with the latitude, demonstrating a particle-induced C-14 poleward increase, in accord with the solar origin of the event. Furthermore, both annual C-14 data and carbon cycle modelling, and separate earlywood and latewood C-14 measurements, confine the photosynthetic carbon fixation to around the midsummer. Peer reviewed Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Lapland HELDA – University of Helsinki Open Repository Nature Communications 9 1 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
HELDA – University of Helsinki Open Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftunivhelsihelda |
language |
English |
topic |
115 Astronomy Space science FINNISH LAPLAND C-14 ATMOSPHERE INCREASE BE-10 RADIOCARBON TROPOPAUSE SIGNALS CARBON MODEL |
spellingShingle |
115 Astronomy Space science FINNISH LAPLAND C-14 ATMOSPHERE INCREASE BE-10 RADIOCARBON TROPOPAUSE SIGNALS CARBON MODEL Uusitalo, J. Arppe, L. Hackman, T. Helama, S. Kovaltsov, G. Mielikäinen, K. Mäkinen, H. Nöjd, P. Palonen, V. Usoskin, I. Oinonen, M. Solar superstorm of AD 774 recorded subannually by Arctic tree rings |
topic_facet |
115 Astronomy Space science FINNISH LAPLAND C-14 ATMOSPHERE INCREASE BE-10 RADIOCARBON TROPOPAUSE SIGNALS CARBON MODEL |
description |
Recently, a rapid increase in radiocarbon (14C) was observed in Japanese tree rings at AD 774/775. Various explanations for the anomaly have been offered, such as a supernova, a γ-ray burst, a cometary impact, or an exceptionally large Solar Particle Event (SPE). However, evidence of the origin and exact timing of the event remains incomplete. In particular, a key issue of latitudinal dependence of the 14C intensity has not been addressed yet. Here, we show that the event was most likely caused by the Sun and occurred during the spring of AD 774. Particularly, the event intensities from various locations show a strong correlation with the latitude, demonstrating a particle-induced 14C poleward increase, in accord with the solar origin of the event. Furthermore, both annual 14C data and carbon cycle modelling, and separate earlywood and latewood 14C measurements, confine the photosynthetic carbon fixation to around the midsummer. Recently, a rapid increase in radiocarbon (C-14) was observed in Japanese tree rings at AD 774/775. Various explanations for the anomaly have been offered, such as a supernova, a gamma-ray burst, a cometary impact, or an exceptionally large Solar Particle Event (SPE). However, evidence of the origin and exact timing of the event remains incomplete. In particular, a key issue of latitudinal dependence of the C-14 intensity has not been addressed yet. Here, we show that the event was most likely caused by the Sun and occurred during the spring of AD 774. Particularly, the event intensities from various locations show a strong correlation with the latitude, demonstrating a particle-induced C-14 poleward increase, in accord with the solar origin of the event. Furthermore, both annual C-14 data and carbon cycle modelling, and separate earlywood and latewood C-14 measurements, confine the photosynthetic carbon fixation to around the midsummer. Peer reviewed |
author2 |
Finnish Museum of Natural History Natural Sciences Unit Department of Physics Stable Isotope Systematics |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Uusitalo, J. Arppe, L. Hackman, T. Helama, S. Kovaltsov, G. Mielikäinen, K. Mäkinen, H. Nöjd, P. Palonen, V. Usoskin, I. Oinonen, M. |
author_facet |
Uusitalo, J. Arppe, L. Hackman, T. Helama, S. Kovaltsov, G. Mielikäinen, K. Mäkinen, H. Nöjd, P. Palonen, V. Usoskin, I. Oinonen, M. |
author_sort |
Uusitalo, J. |
title |
Solar superstorm of AD 774 recorded subannually by Arctic tree rings |
title_short |
Solar superstorm of AD 774 recorded subannually by Arctic tree rings |
title_full |
Solar superstorm of AD 774 recorded subannually by Arctic tree rings |
title_fullStr |
Solar superstorm of AD 774 recorded subannually by Arctic tree rings |
title_full_unstemmed |
Solar superstorm of AD 774 recorded subannually by Arctic tree rings |
title_sort |
solar superstorm of ad 774 recorded subannually by arctic tree rings |
publisher |
Nature Publishing Group |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10138/241214 |
genre |
Arctic Lapland |
genre_facet |
Arctic Lapland |
op_relation |
10.1038/s41467-018-05883-1 Unknown funder Uusitalo , J , Arppe , L , Hackman , T , Helama , S , Kovaltsov , G , Mielikäinen , K , Mäkinen , H , Nöjd , P , Palonen , V , Usoskin , I & Oinonen , M 2018 , ' Solar superstorm of AD 774 recorded subannually by Arctic tree rings ' , Nature Communications , vol. 9 , no. 1 , 3495 . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05883-1 RIS: urn:38B64015284D3BEB578DEF4F89FD568B ORCID: /0000-0002-0881-7643/work/48202295 ORCID: /0000-0001-9589-7989/work/48202304 ORCID: /0000-0002-1412-2610/work/48203737 ORCID: /0000-0001-6944-0264/work/48204433 ORCID: /0000-0003-4445-6096/work/90051668 http://hdl.handle.net/10138/241214 9b64f0fd-3f22-4abf-95cd-78b10b650c59 85052370453 000442909900002 |
op_rights |
cc_by info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess openAccess |
container_title |
Nature Communications |
container_volume |
9 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1796936984401281024 |