Development of analytical techniques for studies on dispersion of actinides in the environment and characterization of environmental radioactive particles
Radioactive particles from three locations were investigated for elemental composition, oxidation states of matrix elements, and origin. Instrumental techniques applied to the task were scanning electron microscopy, X-ray and gamma-ray spectrometry, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and synchrotron r...
Main Author: | |
---|---|
Other Authors: | , , , , , , |
Format: | Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Helsingin yliopisto
2010
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10138/21051 |
id |
ftunivhelsihelda:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/21051 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftunivhelsihelda:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/21051 2023-08-20T04:06:58+02:00 Development of analytical techniques for studies on dispersion of actinides in the environment and characterization of environmental radioactive particles Jernström, Jussi Clark, Sue B. University of Helsinki, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Radiochemistry European Commission, Institute for Transuranium Elements, Karlsruhe, Germany Helsingin yliopisto, matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta, kemian laitos Helsingfors universitet, matematisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, kemiska institutionen Betti, Maria Lehto, Jukka 2010-11-25T11:59:48Z application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10138/21051 eng eng Helsingin yliopisto University of Helsinki Helsingfors universitet Helsinki: Yliopistopaino, 2006, Report Series in Radiochemistry. 0358-7746 URN:ISBN:952-10-3458-0 http://hdl.handle.net/10138/21051 URN:ISBN:952-10-3459-9 Julkaisu on tekijänoikeussäännösten alainen. Teosta voi lukea ja tulostaa henkilökohtaista käyttöä varten. Käyttö kaupallisiin tarkoituksiin on kielletty. This publication is copyrighted. You may download, display and print it for Your own personal use. Commercial use is prohibited. Publikationen är skyddad av upphovsrätten. Den får läsas och skrivas ut för personligt bruk. Användning i kommersiellt syfte är förbjuden. radiokemia Text Doctoral dissertation (article-based) Artikkeliväitöskirja Artikelavhandling doctoralThesis 2010 ftunivhelsihelda 2023-07-28T06:26:19Z Radioactive particles from three locations were investigated for elemental composition, oxidation states of matrix elements, and origin. Instrumental techniques applied to the task were scanning electron microscopy, X-ray and gamma-ray spectrometry, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and synchrotron radiation based microanalytical techniques comprising X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence tomography, and X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy. Uranium-containing low activity particles collected from Irish Sea sediments were characterized in terms of composition and distribution of matrix elements and the oxidation states of uranium. Indications of the origin were obtained from the intensity ratios and the presence of thorium, uranium, and plutonium. Uranium in the particles was found to exist mostly as U(IV). Studies on plutonium particles from Runit Island (Marshall Islands) soil indicated that the samples were weapon fuel fragments originating from two separate detonations: a safety test and a low-yield test. The plutonium in the particles was found to be of similar age. The distribution and oxidation states of uranium and plutonium in the matrix of weapon fuel particles from Thule (Greenland) sediments were investigated. The variations in intensity ratios observed with different techniques indicated more than one origin. Uranium in particle matrixes was mostly U(IV), but plutonium existed in some particles mainly as Pu(IV), and in others mainly as oxidized Pu(VI). The results demonstrated that the various techniques were effectively applied in the characterization of environmental radioactive particles. An on-line method was developed for separating americium from environmental samples. The procedure utilizes extraction chromatography to separate americium from light lanthanides, and cation exchange to concentrate americium before the final separation in an ion chromatography column. The separated radiochemically pure americium fraction is measured by alpha spectrometry. The method was ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Greenland Thule Helsingfors Universitet: HELDA – Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto Greenland |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Helsingfors Universitet: HELDA – Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto |
op_collection_id |
ftunivhelsihelda |
language |
English |
topic |
radiokemia |
spellingShingle |
radiokemia Jernström, Jussi Development of analytical techniques for studies on dispersion of actinides in the environment and characterization of environmental radioactive particles |
topic_facet |
radiokemia |
description |
Radioactive particles from three locations were investigated for elemental composition, oxidation states of matrix elements, and origin. Instrumental techniques applied to the task were scanning electron microscopy, X-ray and gamma-ray spectrometry, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and synchrotron radiation based microanalytical techniques comprising X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence tomography, and X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy. Uranium-containing low activity particles collected from Irish Sea sediments were characterized in terms of composition and distribution of matrix elements and the oxidation states of uranium. Indications of the origin were obtained from the intensity ratios and the presence of thorium, uranium, and plutonium. Uranium in the particles was found to exist mostly as U(IV). Studies on plutonium particles from Runit Island (Marshall Islands) soil indicated that the samples were weapon fuel fragments originating from two separate detonations: a safety test and a low-yield test. The plutonium in the particles was found to be of similar age. The distribution and oxidation states of uranium and plutonium in the matrix of weapon fuel particles from Thule (Greenland) sediments were investigated. The variations in intensity ratios observed with different techniques indicated more than one origin. Uranium in particle matrixes was mostly U(IV), but plutonium existed in some particles mainly as Pu(IV), and in others mainly as oxidized Pu(VI). The results demonstrated that the various techniques were effectively applied in the characterization of environmental radioactive particles. An on-line method was developed for separating americium from environmental samples. The procedure utilizes extraction chromatography to separate americium from light lanthanides, and cation exchange to concentrate americium before the final separation in an ion chromatography column. The separated radiochemically pure americium fraction is measured by alpha spectrometry. The method was ... |
author2 |
Clark, Sue B. University of Helsinki, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Radiochemistry European Commission, Institute for Transuranium Elements, Karlsruhe, Germany Helsingin yliopisto, matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta, kemian laitos Helsingfors universitet, matematisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, kemiska institutionen Betti, Maria Lehto, Jukka |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Jernström, Jussi |
author_facet |
Jernström, Jussi |
author_sort |
Jernström, Jussi |
title |
Development of analytical techniques for studies on dispersion of actinides in the environment and characterization of environmental radioactive particles |
title_short |
Development of analytical techniques for studies on dispersion of actinides in the environment and characterization of environmental radioactive particles |
title_full |
Development of analytical techniques for studies on dispersion of actinides in the environment and characterization of environmental radioactive particles |
title_fullStr |
Development of analytical techniques for studies on dispersion of actinides in the environment and characterization of environmental radioactive particles |
title_full_unstemmed |
Development of analytical techniques for studies on dispersion of actinides in the environment and characterization of environmental radioactive particles |
title_sort |
development of analytical techniques for studies on dispersion of actinides in the environment and characterization of environmental radioactive particles |
publisher |
Helsingin yliopisto |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10138/21051 |
geographic |
Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Greenland |
genre |
Greenland Thule |
genre_facet |
Greenland Thule |
op_relation |
Helsinki: Yliopistopaino, 2006, Report Series in Radiochemistry. 0358-7746 URN:ISBN:952-10-3458-0 http://hdl.handle.net/10138/21051 URN:ISBN:952-10-3459-9 |
op_rights |
Julkaisu on tekijänoikeussäännösten alainen. Teosta voi lukea ja tulostaa henkilökohtaista käyttöä varten. Käyttö kaupallisiin tarkoituksiin on kielletty. This publication is copyrighted. You may download, display and print it for Your own personal use. Commercial use is prohibited. Publikationen är skyddad av upphovsrätten. Den får läsas och skrivas ut för personligt bruk. Användning i kommersiellt syfte är förbjuden. |
_version_ |
1774718349953990656 |