Effects of black carbon and Icelandic dust on snow albedo, melt and density
Light-absorbing impurities in the cryosphere are of hydrological, environmental and climatic importance. The wet and dry deposition of black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and dust particles affect the optical properties and melt of snow and ice. In the Arctic region, the climatic effects are amp...
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ftunivhelsihelda:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/167780 2023-08-20T03:59:16+02:00 Effects of black carbon and Icelandic dust on snow albedo, melt and density Mustan hiilen ja Islannin pölyn vaikutukset lumen heijastavuuteen, sulamiseen ja tiheyteen Meinander, Outi Nilson, Tiit University of Helsinki, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental Sciences Finnish Meteorological Institute Helsingin yliopisto, bio- ja ympäristötieteellinen tiedekunta, ympäristötieteiden laitos Helsingfors universitet, bio- och miljövetenskapliga fakulteten, miljövetenskapliga institutionen de Leeuw, Gerrit Kauppi, Pekka 2016-10-14T05:50:30Z application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10138/167780 eng eng Helsingin yliopisto Helsingfors universitet University of Helsinki URN:ISBN:978-951-697-895-9 Erweko: Finnish Meteorological Institute , 2016, Finnish Meteorological Institute Contributions . ISSN 0782-6117 Finnish Meteorological Institute Contributions URN:ISSN:0782-6117 http://hdl.handle.net/10138/167780 URN:ISBN:978-951-697-896-6 Julkaisu on tekijänoikeussäännösten alainen. Teosta voi lukea ja tulostaa henkilökohtaista käyttöä varten. Käyttö kaupallisiin tarkoituksiin on kielletty. This publication is copyrighted. You may download, display and print it for Your own personal use. Commercial use is prohibited. Publikationen är skyddad av upphovsrätten. Den får läsas och skrivas ut för personligt bruk. Användning i kommersiellt syfte är förbjuden. Environmental Sciences Text Doctoral dissertation (article-based) Artikkeliväitöskirja Artikelavhandling doctoralThesis 2016 ftunivhelsihelda 2023-07-28T06:20:45Z Light-absorbing impurities in the cryosphere are of hydrological, environmental and climatic importance. The wet and dry deposition of black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and dust particles affect the optical properties and melt of snow and ice. In the Arctic region, the climatic effects are amplified, and surface albedo feedback is often cited as the main contributor. The aim of this thesis is to fill in some of the gaps in our knowledge of the effects of BC, OC, and Icelandic dust on snow in the European Arctic through a series of field and laboratory experiments and an analysis of the resulting data, including modeling. The thesis presents a new hypothesis on the snow density effects of light-absorbing impurities, an important quantity for climate modeling and remote sensing. Three processes are suggested to explain the proposed BC density effect . Experimental results show that dirty snow releases melt water quicker than cleaner snow. The albedo of natural seasonally melting snow in Sodankylä, north of the Arctic Circle, is found to be asymmetric with respect to solar midday, thus indicating a change in the properties of the snow. The radiative transfer modeling results show that the observed solar zenith angle asymmetry results in a 2-4 % daily error for satellite snow albedo estimates. Surface albedo model results indicate that the biggest snow albedo changes due to BC are expected in the ultraviolet (UV) part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The albedo of natural seasonal snow measured in Sodankylä, is found to be lower than expected. Solar UV and visible (VIS) albedo values of 0.6-0.8 in the accumulation period and 0.5-0.7 during melting are observed. The low albedo values are explained to be due to large snow grain sizes up to ~ 3 mm in diameter, meltwater surrounding the grains and increasing the effective grain size, and absorption caused by impurities in the natural snow (87 ppb BC and 2894 ppb OC). The BC contents of the surface snow layer at the Sodankylä Arctic Research Center, Finland, is ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis albedo Arctic black carbon Sodankylä Helsingfors Universitet: HELDA – Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto Arctic Sodankylä ENVELOPE(26.600,26.600,67.417,67.417) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Helsingfors Universitet: HELDA – Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto |
op_collection_id |
ftunivhelsihelda |
language |
English |
topic |
Environmental Sciences |
spellingShingle |
Environmental Sciences Meinander, Outi Effects of black carbon and Icelandic dust on snow albedo, melt and density |
topic_facet |
Environmental Sciences |
description |
Light-absorbing impurities in the cryosphere are of hydrological, environmental and climatic importance. The wet and dry deposition of black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and dust particles affect the optical properties and melt of snow and ice. In the Arctic region, the climatic effects are amplified, and surface albedo feedback is often cited as the main contributor. The aim of this thesis is to fill in some of the gaps in our knowledge of the effects of BC, OC, and Icelandic dust on snow in the European Arctic through a series of field and laboratory experiments and an analysis of the resulting data, including modeling. The thesis presents a new hypothesis on the snow density effects of light-absorbing impurities, an important quantity for climate modeling and remote sensing. Three processes are suggested to explain the proposed BC density effect . Experimental results show that dirty snow releases melt water quicker than cleaner snow. The albedo of natural seasonally melting snow in Sodankylä, north of the Arctic Circle, is found to be asymmetric with respect to solar midday, thus indicating a change in the properties of the snow. The radiative transfer modeling results show that the observed solar zenith angle asymmetry results in a 2-4 % daily error for satellite snow albedo estimates. Surface albedo model results indicate that the biggest snow albedo changes due to BC are expected in the ultraviolet (UV) part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The albedo of natural seasonal snow measured in Sodankylä, is found to be lower than expected. Solar UV and visible (VIS) albedo values of 0.6-0.8 in the accumulation period and 0.5-0.7 during melting are observed. The low albedo values are explained to be due to large snow grain sizes up to ~ 3 mm in diameter, meltwater surrounding the grains and increasing the effective grain size, and absorption caused by impurities in the natural snow (87 ppb BC and 2894 ppb OC). The BC contents of the surface snow layer at the Sodankylä Arctic Research Center, Finland, is ... |
author2 |
Nilson, Tiit University of Helsinki, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental Sciences Finnish Meteorological Institute Helsingin yliopisto, bio- ja ympäristötieteellinen tiedekunta, ympäristötieteiden laitos Helsingfors universitet, bio- och miljövetenskapliga fakulteten, miljövetenskapliga institutionen de Leeuw, Gerrit Kauppi, Pekka |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Meinander, Outi |
author_facet |
Meinander, Outi |
author_sort |
Meinander, Outi |
title |
Effects of black carbon and Icelandic dust on snow albedo, melt and density |
title_short |
Effects of black carbon and Icelandic dust on snow albedo, melt and density |
title_full |
Effects of black carbon and Icelandic dust on snow albedo, melt and density |
title_fullStr |
Effects of black carbon and Icelandic dust on snow albedo, melt and density |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of black carbon and Icelandic dust on snow albedo, melt and density |
title_sort |
effects of black carbon and icelandic dust on snow albedo, melt and density |
publisher |
Helsingin yliopisto |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10138/167780 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(26.600,26.600,67.417,67.417) |
geographic |
Arctic Sodankylä |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Sodankylä |
genre |
albedo Arctic black carbon Sodankylä |
genre_facet |
albedo Arctic black carbon Sodankylä |
op_relation |
URN:ISBN:978-951-697-895-9 Erweko: Finnish Meteorological Institute , 2016, Finnish Meteorological Institute Contributions . ISSN 0782-6117 Finnish Meteorological Institute Contributions URN:ISSN:0782-6117 http://hdl.handle.net/10138/167780 URN:ISBN:978-951-697-896-6 |
op_rights |
Julkaisu on tekijänoikeussäännösten alainen. Teosta voi lukea ja tulostaa henkilökohtaista käyttöä varten. Käyttö kaupallisiin tarkoituksiin on kielletty. This publication is copyrighted. You may download, display and print it for Your own personal use. Commercial use is prohibited. Publikationen är skyddad av upphovsrätten. Den får läsas och skrivas ut för personligt bruk. Användning i kommersiellt syfte är förbjuden. |
_version_ |
1774724839173521408 |