Arktis-alpiininen kasvillisuus ja maaperän kosteus

• Main Author: Niittynen, Pekka
• Other Authors: Helsingin yliopisto, Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta, Geotieteiden ja maantieteen laitos, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Science, Department of Geosciences and Geography, Helsingfors universitet, Matematisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för geovetenskaper och geografi
• Format: Master Thesis
• Language: Finnish
• Published: Helsingfors universitet 2015
• Subjects: Geography; Maantiede; Geografi; Arctic; Gam; Saana; Arktis; Arktis*; Climate change
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/154806

Soil moisture regulates a wide range of ecosystem processes at high latitude ecosystems. Soil moisture and temperature control carbon cycle in arctic soils and therefore had impacts on many climate change feedback loops. Arctic-alpine vegetation is adapted for cold and often dry or water saturated soil conditions though the adaptations are species specific. Therefore the aim of this study is to examine how soil conditions, especially moisture, affect on species fine scale distributions in low energy ecosystems. The data contains 21 study grids and holds 378 study plots (1 m2 each) in total. The data is collected during three summers in 2011-2013 at Saana massif in northwestern Finland. Vascular plant, moss and lichen species are sampled from all plots. Soil moisture and temperature are measured in situ, pH is determined from soil samples at a laboratory and radiation is calculated based on the fine scale topography. NMDS-ordination and nominal GBM-models are carried out to study how the explanatory variables affect on species composition. Species richness and diversity are examined by comparing GLM, GAM, and GBM models with the base variables to models which soil moisture is added as a fourth explanatory variable. The same two variable combinations are used to model distributions of individual species in biomod2 platform. Soil moisture and pH were the most effective variables that control vascular plant species composition. Soil moisture was alone the most important variable for mosses but none of the variables showed importance over others in case of lichens. Vascular plant and moss species richness increased with increasing soil moisture. Lichens showed an opposed trend. The community evenness is highest in moist habitats excluding lichens that showed the highest evenness in the driest end of the moisture gradient. Including soil moisture as an explanatory variable into the models improved the predictions of species distribution models in every species group. Vascular plants, mosses, forbs and decidious dwarf ...