On the feasibility of imaging carbonatite-hosted rare earth element deposits using remote sensing
Rare earth elements (REEs) generate characteristic absorption features in visible to shortwave infrared (VNIRSWIR) reflectance spectra. Neodymium (Nd) has among the most prominent absorption features of the REEs and thus represents a key pathfinder element for the REEs as a whole. Given that the wor...
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Littleton, CO : Society of Economic Geologists, Inc
2016
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Online Access: | http://www.repo.uni-hannover.de/handle/123456789/1046 https://doi.org/10.15488/1022 |
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ftunivhannover:oai:www.repo.uni-hannover.de:123456789/1046 2023-07-16T03:57:16+02:00 On the feasibility of imaging carbonatite-hosted rare earth element deposits using remote sensing Neave, David A. Black, Martin Riley, Teal R. Gibson, Sally A. Ferrier, Graham Wall, Frances Broom-Fendley, Sam 2016 http://www.repo.uni-hannover.de/handle/123456789/1046 https://doi.org/10.15488/1022 eng eng Littleton, CO : Society of Economic Geologists, Inc DOI:https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.111.3.641 ISSN:0361-0128 ESSN:1554-0774 http://dx.doi.org/10.15488/1022 http://www.repo.uni-hannover.de/handle/123456789/1046 CC BY 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ frei zugänglich Economic Geology 111 (2016), Nr. 3 Deposits Exploratory geochemistry Heterojunctions Infrared imaging Infrared spectrometers Lithology Minerals Neodymium alloys Photomapping Rare earth elements Rare earths Remote sensing Rocks Signal to noise ratio Thermography (imaging) Airborne visible infrared imaging spectrometer Characteristic absorption Environmental mapping Hyperspectral instrument Laboratory conditions Rare earth elements (REEs) Remote sensing instruments Spectral response functions Neodymium absorption carbonatite data acquisition economic geography feasibility study igneous geochemistry igneous intrusion imaging method mineral deposit noise rare earth element reflectance signal-to-noise ratio spatial resolution Arctic Bayan Obo California China Greenland Mountain Pass Nei Monggol United States ddc:550 status-type:publishedVersion doc-type:Article doc-type:Text 2016 ftunivhannover https://doi.org/10.15488/102210.2113/econgeo.111.3.641 2023-06-28T10:36:05Z Rare earth elements (REEs) generate characteristic absorption features in visible to shortwave infrared (VNIRSWIR) reflectance spectra. Neodymium (Nd) has among the most prominent absorption features of the REEs and thus represents a key pathfinder element for the REEs as a whole. Given that the world's largest REE deposits are associated with carbonatites, we present spectral, petrographic, and geochemical data from a predominantly carbonatitic suite of rocks that we use to assess the feasibility of imaging REE deposits using remote sensing. Samples were selected to cover a wide range of extents and styles of REE mineralization, and encompass calcio-, ferro-and magnesio-carbonatites. REE ores from the Bayan Obo (China) and Mountain Pass (United States) mines, as well as REE-rich alkaline rocks from the Motzfeldt and Ilímaussaq intrusions in Greenland, were also included in the sample suite. The depth and area of Nd absorption features in spectra collected under laboratory conditions correlate positively with the Nd content of whole-rock samples. The wavelength of Nd absorption features is predominantly independent of sample lithology and mineralogy. Correlations are most reliable for the two absorption features centered at ∼744 and ∼802 nm that can be observed in samples containing as little as ∼1,000 ppm Nd. By convolving laboratory spectra to the spectral response functions of a variety of remote sensing instruments we demonstrate that hyperspectral instruments with capabilities equivalent to the operational Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) and planned Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) systems have the spectral resolutions necessary to detect Nd absorption features, especially in high-grade samples with economically relevant REE accumulations (Nd> 30,000 ppm). Adding synthetic noise to convolved spectra indicates that correlations between Nd absorption area and whole-rock Nd content only remain robust when spectra have signal-to-noise ratios in excess of ∼250:1. ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Greenland Institutional Repository of Leibniz Universität Hannover Arctic Ferro ENVELOPE(16.233,16.233,66.717,66.717) Greenland Obo ENVELOPE(149.647,149.647,61.851,61.851) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Institutional Repository of Leibniz Universität Hannover |
op_collection_id |
ftunivhannover |
language |
English |
topic |
Deposits Exploratory geochemistry Heterojunctions Infrared imaging Infrared spectrometers Lithology Minerals Neodymium alloys Photomapping Rare earth elements Rare earths Remote sensing Rocks Signal to noise ratio Thermography (imaging) Airborne visible infrared imaging spectrometer Characteristic absorption Environmental mapping Hyperspectral instrument Laboratory conditions Rare earth elements (REEs) Remote sensing instruments Spectral response functions Neodymium absorption carbonatite data acquisition economic geography feasibility study igneous geochemistry igneous intrusion imaging method mineral deposit noise rare earth element reflectance signal-to-noise ratio spatial resolution Arctic Bayan Obo California China Greenland Mountain Pass Nei Monggol United States ddc:550 |
spellingShingle |
Deposits Exploratory geochemistry Heterojunctions Infrared imaging Infrared spectrometers Lithology Minerals Neodymium alloys Photomapping Rare earth elements Rare earths Remote sensing Rocks Signal to noise ratio Thermography (imaging) Airborne visible infrared imaging spectrometer Characteristic absorption Environmental mapping Hyperspectral instrument Laboratory conditions Rare earth elements (REEs) Remote sensing instruments Spectral response functions Neodymium absorption carbonatite data acquisition economic geography feasibility study igneous geochemistry igneous intrusion imaging method mineral deposit noise rare earth element reflectance signal-to-noise ratio spatial resolution Arctic Bayan Obo California China Greenland Mountain Pass Nei Monggol United States ddc:550 Neave, David A. Black, Martin Riley, Teal R. Gibson, Sally A. Ferrier, Graham Wall, Frances Broom-Fendley, Sam On the feasibility of imaging carbonatite-hosted rare earth element deposits using remote sensing |
topic_facet |
Deposits Exploratory geochemistry Heterojunctions Infrared imaging Infrared spectrometers Lithology Minerals Neodymium alloys Photomapping Rare earth elements Rare earths Remote sensing Rocks Signal to noise ratio Thermography (imaging) Airborne visible infrared imaging spectrometer Characteristic absorption Environmental mapping Hyperspectral instrument Laboratory conditions Rare earth elements (REEs) Remote sensing instruments Spectral response functions Neodymium absorption carbonatite data acquisition economic geography feasibility study igneous geochemistry igneous intrusion imaging method mineral deposit noise rare earth element reflectance signal-to-noise ratio spatial resolution Arctic Bayan Obo California China Greenland Mountain Pass Nei Monggol United States ddc:550 |
description |
Rare earth elements (REEs) generate characteristic absorption features in visible to shortwave infrared (VNIRSWIR) reflectance spectra. Neodymium (Nd) has among the most prominent absorption features of the REEs and thus represents a key pathfinder element for the REEs as a whole. Given that the world's largest REE deposits are associated with carbonatites, we present spectral, petrographic, and geochemical data from a predominantly carbonatitic suite of rocks that we use to assess the feasibility of imaging REE deposits using remote sensing. Samples were selected to cover a wide range of extents and styles of REE mineralization, and encompass calcio-, ferro-and magnesio-carbonatites. REE ores from the Bayan Obo (China) and Mountain Pass (United States) mines, as well as REE-rich alkaline rocks from the Motzfeldt and Ilímaussaq intrusions in Greenland, were also included in the sample suite. The depth and area of Nd absorption features in spectra collected under laboratory conditions correlate positively with the Nd content of whole-rock samples. The wavelength of Nd absorption features is predominantly independent of sample lithology and mineralogy. Correlations are most reliable for the two absorption features centered at ∼744 and ∼802 nm that can be observed in samples containing as little as ∼1,000 ppm Nd. By convolving laboratory spectra to the spectral response functions of a variety of remote sensing instruments we demonstrate that hyperspectral instruments with capabilities equivalent to the operational Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) and planned Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) systems have the spectral resolutions necessary to detect Nd absorption features, especially in high-grade samples with economically relevant REE accumulations (Nd> 30,000 ppm). Adding synthetic noise to convolved spectra indicates that correlations between Nd absorption area and whole-rock Nd content only remain robust when spectra have signal-to-noise ratios in excess of ∼250:1. ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Neave, David A. Black, Martin Riley, Teal R. Gibson, Sally A. Ferrier, Graham Wall, Frances Broom-Fendley, Sam |
author_facet |
Neave, David A. Black, Martin Riley, Teal R. Gibson, Sally A. Ferrier, Graham Wall, Frances Broom-Fendley, Sam |
author_sort |
Neave, David A. |
title |
On the feasibility of imaging carbonatite-hosted rare earth element deposits using remote sensing |
title_short |
On the feasibility of imaging carbonatite-hosted rare earth element deposits using remote sensing |
title_full |
On the feasibility of imaging carbonatite-hosted rare earth element deposits using remote sensing |
title_fullStr |
On the feasibility of imaging carbonatite-hosted rare earth element deposits using remote sensing |
title_full_unstemmed |
On the feasibility of imaging carbonatite-hosted rare earth element deposits using remote sensing |
title_sort |
on the feasibility of imaging carbonatite-hosted rare earth element deposits using remote sensing |
publisher |
Littleton, CO : Society of Economic Geologists, Inc |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
http://www.repo.uni-hannover.de/handle/123456789/1046 https://doi.org/10.15488/1022 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(16.233,16.233,66.717,66.717) ENVELOPE(149.647,149.647,61.851,61.851) |
geographic |
Arctic Ferro Greenland Obo |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Ferro Greenland Obo |
genre |
Arctic Greenland |
genre_facet |
Arctic Greenland |
op_source |
Economic Geology 111 (2016), Nr. 3 |
op_relation |
DOI:https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.111.3.641 ISSN:0361-0128 ESSN:1554-0774 http://dx.doi.org/10.15488/1022 http://www.repo.uni-hannover.de/handle/123456789/1046 |
op_rights |
CC BY 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ frei zugänglich |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.15488/102210.2113/econgeo.111.3.641 |
_version_ |
1771543782852919296 |